European ethnic groups as manifold as English, Swedes, Dutch, Germans, Scots-Irish and French lived in closer proximity than in any location on continental Europe. Owing taxes to the city of Philadelphia, the yard decayed and the plant rotted away. Quakers, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Roman Catholics, and Anglicans were among the many religious groups found in the Middle colonies. D. Virginia These smaller farmers did not have the capital to compete with the larger plantations in the production and sale of produce, so many of these farmers sought to only care for themselves or family, as opposed to accumulating wealth and climbing the social ladder. Henry Kaiser Shipwrights were trained by an apprenticeship, usually from four to seven years in length, followed by temporary work until the shipwright found a permanent position or had the opportunity to purchase his own yard. After the contract was signed, the master shipwright would plan the vessel's design based on what the merchant wanted and then purchase the supplies. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. They practiced a variety of religions, all of which were freely accepted by others. WebThe Middle Colonies had much fertile soil, which allowed the area to become a major exporter of wheat and other grains. These developments stimulated Philadelphia shipbuilding that included the construction of many small row gunboats, floating batteries, and even four innovative fast frigates. Hutchins, John G. B. Meanwhile, New York and Baltimore began to take prominence both in trade and in shipbuilding. Religious dissidents from all regions could settle in D. increasing role of emotionalism in religion. D. She managed profitable indigo plantations even while married and signaled the possibility of women taking on economic leadership roles. B. Frigates were burned, gunboats sunk, and tiny riverfront shipyards from Southwark to Kensington closed. THE SOUTHERN COLONIES: The Southern Colonies were separated into two categories: the Chesapeake Region, and the Southern Region. Without a desirable commodity, the New England colonies soon found difficulty in attracting English ships for trade. E. Anglican, Which of the following terms was related to land policy in New York? Which of the following spurred shipbuilding in New England? Other activities included raising livestock, shipbuilding and logging, iron ore mining, textile production, fur trading, and papermaking. WebThe Middle Colonies are much more divergent than the New England colonies. They geographically and culturally stood between the New England and southern colonies. A. Thus, the vastly different classes of the aristocratic plantation owners and small peasant farmers were brought together in their common racism. The main economic activities of the Middle Colonies included agriculture and farming due to longer growing seasons and rich, fertile land. Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards. However, after the brief revival of shipbuilding during the Federalist era, Philadelphia maritime prominence fell on hard times. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! By 1750, Philadelphia with its cheaper labor, skilled ship carpenters, iron forges, and an abundance of trees had replaced Boston as the major colonial shipbuilding center. The middle colonies contained Native American tribes of Algonkian and Iroquois language groups as well as a sizable percentage of African slaves during the early years. 2 vols. British occupation of Philadelphia in 1778 set back Philadelphia shipbuilding. B. Dutch estates A. held no more than 10 percent of the total population. Geography contributed significantly to the types of industries that were found in the Middle Colonies because the land in the modern-day states of Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania New Lights differed from Old Lights by The wars of the French Revolution created problems for American neutral trade. Enlightenment thinkers such as Isaac Newton stressed the BBB juice: orange C. They lacked a suitable base for commerce. The American Maritime Industries and Public Policy, 1789-1914. Many small privately owned yards simply ceased to construct boats or ships. A. most advanced in the South. Furthermore, the Swedish Empire had holdings in America as well, which formed a large ethnic Swedish and Finnish settlement along the Delaware River and into parts of current New Jersey. When the Philadelphia riverfront became too crowded with merchant docks and buildings for establishment of shipyards, many shipwrights moved a few miles upriver to the Kensington neighborhood that soon rivaled Southwark as a shipbuilding center on the Delaware River. C. William Tennent. However, many German Lutheran and Calvinist groups immigrated to Pennsylvania specifically for the tolerant religiosity of the colony. B. an international trade system that relied on the transportation of enslaved Africans, manufactured goods from Europe, and agricultural commodities from the Americas. Connecting the Past with the Present, Building Community, Creating a Legacy, TheEncyclopedia As early as the 1640s Swedish boat builders fabricated several small craft on the Delaware River in their short-lived New Sweden colony, but large-scale shipbuilding started when William Penn (1644-1718) settled his great proprietary grant of Pennsylvania between 1681-1682 with skilled Quaker artisans and maritime merchants escaping the religious persecution (sufferings) in old Britain and seeking economic opportunity in the New World. "Shipbuilding Industry Without the ability to either build or modernize a nuclear navy, Philadelphias navy yard gradually became an outdated relic and closed for shipbuilding in 1996-97. Specie, or currency, was hard to come by, and colonial merchants were unable to obtain credit from their British associates. Additionally, due to the proximity of the Chesapeake Bay, many colonists participated in maritime trades like fishing or shipbuilding. Advantaged by their central location, the middle colonies served as important distribution centers in the English mercantile system. The Middle colonies were situated north of the Southern colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and It meant that the navy yard could experiment with the innovative screw propeller technology of John Ericsson (1803-89), building the trailblazing first propeller driven warship, Princeton. Encyclopedia.com. One result of the Great Awakening was that it spurred an increase in the number of, Of the following colonies, which one became the great distribution point for the ethnic groups of European origin? Advantaged by their central location, the middle colonies served as important distribution centers in the English mercantile system. Nearby Camden Forge and RCA Victor of Camden, New Jersey received large contracts to provide forgings and electronics for warships constructed in the greater Philadelphia region. Most shipwrights built vessels only after receiving an order, although occasionally they built on speculation. Moreover, the Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Corporation (founded in 1916) of Marcus Hook, below Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania and New Jersey (later Pusey and Jones) Shipyard of Gloucester City, New Jersey, just below Camden, and the federal shipyard of Pennsylvania on Hog Island, below the city, constructed tankers, cargo ships, and troop transports. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. B. Perhaps no business, industry, or institution illuminates the history of the Greater Philadelphia region from the seventeenth century to the present day more clearly than shipbuilding and shipyards. E. She managed to maintain social prominence even after having been accused by Massachusetts Puritans of being a witch. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Shipbuilding quickly became a successful and profitable industry in Massachusetts, with its miles of coastline featuring protected harbors and bays, and extensive supplies of raw materials. America and the Sea: A Maritime History. The Dutch and the Swedes established the first permanent European settlements throughout much of the Middle colonies. D. barley. Economic Practice. . E. rise from poverty to riches. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. By 1720 there were at least a dozen shipyards in Philadelphia and the surrounding waterfront producing wooden sailing ships of up to 300 tons. Mystic, Conn.: Mystic Seaport, Museum of America and the Sea, 1998. ." The presence of Quakers, Mennonites, Lutherans, Dutch Calvinists, and Presbyterians made the dominance of one faith next to impossible. A. passion for science and experimentation. D. She managed profitable indigo plantations even while married and signaled the possibility of women taking on economic leadership roles. One of Sun Ships yards employed mostly African-Americans. Meanwhile, the Continental Congress raised money for the Continental and later a U.S. Navy. A new, third level of content, designed specially to meet the advanced needs of the sophisticated scholar. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Soon, the government yard (that also housed the U.S. Marine Corps) became overcrowded in the Southwark neighborhood. Sun Shipbuilding of Chester expanded to twenty dry-docks and employed nearly 40,000 workers at its four yards. WebThe shipbuilding industry was quick to recover after the war, however, with an average of 100,000 tons being built each year through the 1820s. A. With government contracts, the yard was able to build machine shops on site. Shipbuilding quickly became a successful and profitable industry in Massachusetts, with its miles of coastline featuring protected harbors and bays, and extensive supplies of raw materials. The colonies had warm summers and cool winters and soil appropriate to developing products. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. E. tendency of the Enlightenment to place great emphasis on formal religion. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Maritime Museum, 1976. C. No colony ever came to have a majority-slave population. Advantaged by their central location, the middle colonies served as important distribution centers in the English mercantile system. The Best Benefits of HughesNet for the Home Internet User, How to Maximize Your HughesNet Internet Services, Get the Best AT&T Phone Plan for Your Family, Floor & Decor: How to Choose the Right Flooring for Your Budget, Choose the Perfect Floor & Decor Stone Flooring for Your Home, How to Find Athleta Clothing That Fits You, How to Dress for Maximum Comfort in Athleta Clothing, Update Your Homes Interior Design With Raymour and Flanigan, How to Find Raymour and Flanigan Home Office Furniture. 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