WebPython List reverse () Method List Methods Example Get your own Python Server Reverse the order of the fruit list: fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] fruits.reverse () Try it WebInside the outer loop, the 1st inner loop handles the number of spaces and the values change according to requirements. for details. How can I access environment variables in Python? But what if you need these values in the reverse order? This built-in function returns a new list containing all the items of the input iterable in order. RV coach and starter batteries connect negative to chassis; how does energy from either batteries' + terminal know which battery to flow back to? The second call works the same as [len(digits) - 1::-1]. Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. If you need the loop index, and don't want to traverse the entire list twice, or use extra memory, I'd write a generator. The reversed () function returns the reversed iteration of the sequence provided as input. means values from 2 to 6 (but not including 6): The range() function defaults to increment the sequence by 1, This method reverses the underlying list in place for memory efficiency when youre reversing large list objects. For instance, consider the below code and associated error message with it, while trying to change the value of a Tuple at index 0. So you can do the following. This may not sound very exciting at first, but range() is useful in many contexts some of which we will explore later in this article. When the for structure begins executing, the function range creates a sequence of values, which range from zero to four. Up to this point, youve learned how to create reversed lists and also how to reverse existing lists in place, either by using tools specially designed to accomplish that task or by using your own hand-coded solutions. Pay Only If Satisfied. There shouldn't be any new WebTo iterate over a decreasing sequence, we can use an extended form of range () with three arguments - range (start_value, end_value, step). This makes the comprehension loop iterate over the items in digits in reverse, creating a new reversed list in the process. I really enjoying learning from people who know what they're talking about! The slicing operator works similarly to the range() function you saw earlier on. Can I use this tire + rim combination : CONTINENTAL GRAND PRIX 5000 (28mm) + GT540 (24mm), Drift correction for sensor readings using a high-pass filter. You can take advantage of this kind of slicing to safely modify the original list while you iterate over its old items in reverse order. The Python code tries to append the empty string b in reverse order by using the length of the main string and the Python range function. Yes. How to remove specific element from sets inside a list using list comprehension. All of this knowledge helps you improve your list-related skills. Centering layers in OpenLayers v4 after layer loading. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. If you set the reverse keyword argument to True, then you get the list sorted in descending or reverse order: Now your list is fully sorted and also in reverse order. An array in programming is an ordered collection of items, all of which are of the same data type. This At the end of the loop, you get a new list with the items of a_list in reverse order. For example: 1 2 for x in range(3) print(x) It will print from 0-2, the output will look like Find out how to reverse a range in Python and learn more about the range(), reversed(), and sorted() functions. Print '*' based on j. Leave a comment below and let us know. How do I efficiently iterate over each entry in a Java Map? I'm using Python 3.2.3. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. like string processing operations: There are a few standard library modules that encourage chaining of A code demonstrates how to backward iteration is done with reversed() function on the for-loop. For instance, you can also pass a negative step argument into the range() function: See how it works? Where i is the current row. Example 1: python reverse range my_list = [1, 2, 3] my_list. Or was it possible to display signature definitions in IDEs without (prior to) type hints? l[::-1] is outdated since 2.4 that introduced reversed(). Get tips for asking good questions and get answers to common questions in our support portal. Not the answer you're looking for? However, theyre not expected to implement either .__reversed__() or the sequence protocol. Now you can try to iterate in reverse order using reversed(): In this example, reversed() relies on your .__reversed__() implementation to provide the reverse iteration functionality. You can even write custom sort functions to go with it. See How can I get a sorted copy of a list? All of these three solutions give the same results if the input is a string: 1. def reverse(text): Sometimes you need to process Python lists starting from the last element down to the firstin other words, in reverse order. If a method works on the original object and modifies it in-place, it doesn't return anything, because there is no new information - you obviously already have a reference to the (now mutated) object, so why return it again? Example reverse a list in Python using for loop Simple example code of different ways to Iterate over a List in Reverse Order using for loop. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. stop: The range will run till this index, but it will not include this index. Do we actually need a separate y? It works just like you would expect: In the example above, range() has a default start of 0 and a stop of 5, so it goes from 0 to 4. Lets start with the basics: Pythons range() function is used to produce a sequence of increasing numbers (or decreasing numbers, as we will see below). He's an avid technical writer with a growing number of articles published on Real Python and other sites. When omitted, the step is implicitly equal to 1. 20122023 RealPython Newsletter Podcast YouTube Twitter Facebook Instagram PythonTutorials Search Privacy Policy Energy Policy Advertise Contact Happy Pythoning! This method is useful because we are not calling to any other object, and so even if you don't know the class and its methods very Let's try! WebReverse range in Python We can generate a range of sequence numbers in descending order by using the range () function in these two ways. Drop us a line at contact@learnpython.com. However, if you ever need to reverse lists by hand, then itd be beneficial for you to understand the logic behind the process. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. for .extend. If the name for loop confuses you, we recommend checking out our Learn Programming with Python track, which goes over and well beyond all of Pythons basic syntax. Then you can use a parallel assignment statement to swap the elements, like this: This loop iterates through a range object that goes from 0 to len(digits) // 2. Another interesting option when it comes to reversing lists in Python is to use .sort() and sorted() to sort them in reverse order. To provide a step argument, you need to provide the start and stop as well. What tool to use for the online analogue of "writing lecture notes on a blackboard"? Iterators implement the .__next__() special method to walk through the underlying data. And we see that we've counted down from 4 to 0. for index in reversed (range (5)): print (index) #Output 4 3 2 1 0 In the example above, we wanted to fetch the items starting from index 1 up to, but not including, the item with index 3, incrementing one number at a time. The reversed() function is used to well, reverse a sequence! This method provides the logic behind reversed(). Subscribe. You can also take advantage of .insert() to create reversed lists with the help of a loop: The call to .insert() inside the loop inserts subsequent items at the 0 index of result. The range function accepts three parameters: start, stop, and step. Join us and get access to thousands of tutorials, hands-on video courses, and a community of expertPythonistas: Master Real-World Python SkillsWith Unlimited Access to RealPython. Still, it provides a quick way to iterate over a reversed copy of an existing list without the risk of being affected by changes in the original list. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. WebPython Glossary Else in For Loop The else keyword in a for loop specifies a block of code to be executed when the loop is finished: Example Get your own Python Server Print all numbers from 0 to 5, and print a message when the loop has ended: for x in range(6): print(x) else: print("Finally finished!") It will be much simpler than any of the workarounds needed for removing items from the list while iterating over it. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. It also allows you to navigate sequences from right to left using negative indices: This diagram shows that you can access the first element of the list (or sequence) using either 0 or -5 with the indexing operator, like in sequence[0] and sequence[-5], respectively. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. So by default generator objects haven't this like many others iterables. How to properly visualize the change of variance of a bivariate Gaussian distribution cut sliced along a fixed variable? That allows you to modify numbers during the iteration. We accomplish this by creating thousands of videos, articles, and interactive coding lessons - all freely available to the public. The loop is also efficient in terms of memory usage because reversed() returns an iterator that yields items on demand without storing them all in memory at the same time. WebIf you actually need to construct an output tuple, then you need to compare tuple (reversed (x)) to x [::-1] for performance. Should I include the MIT licence of a library which I use from a CDN? Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How do I efficiently iterate over each entry in a Java Map? If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail: W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. We will use the same above example for increment but we will just wrap the range () in reversed () function. Besides the above algorithm, which takes advantage of index substitution, there are a few different ways to reverse lists by hand. for i in range(len(text),0,- (look at pattern above) Spaces will be printed for size - i times and stars will be printed for i times. You can write a Python program which takes input number and reverse the same. How do I merge two dictionaries in a single expression in Python? If you wanted to store the return value from the reversed() function for later use, you'd instead have to enclose it inside the list() constructor and assign the new list to a variable, like so: And there you have it - you now know the basics of how reversing lists in Python works! At the end of the loop, you get the list reversed in place. Python makes it easy to generate a range in reverse by passing a negative value into the step parameter. Answer: Reverse letters in words and sentence both: In example taking user input, you can use any sentences. well, you can understand that the second and third call are applied to First, think carefully about the intent of the code. Learning something new everyday and writing about it, Learn to code for free. You end up with a class like this: This class isnt perfect. learn more about lists and tuples in this article, Python Data Structures in Practice course. If, however, a method or function creates a new object, then of course it has to return it. See also A quick way to return list without a specific element in Python. Every object in python has three attributes: While ID and Type cannot be changed once its created, values can be changed for Mutable objects. NumPy is a foundational library in Python that makes working with arrays easy. range() and xrange() take a third parameter that specifies a step. On the other hand, immutable doesnt allow any change in the object once it has been created. Commenting Tips: The most useful comments are those written with the goal of learning from or helping out other students. Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. The call to enumerate() provides ascending zero-based indices for each item in the reversed copy. That's true, but in general the built-in python functions that provide iterators don't construct the whole list at once; that's the whole point of them. Almost there! range () function: Using a for loop with range (), we can repeat an action a specific number of times while loop: To repeat a block of code repeatedly, as long as the condition is true. Method 1: Using step If you set the step value to -1, for-loop print the value in reverse order. Then it inserts 9 at index 0. Unexpected Behavior of Extend with a list in Python, Unable to reverse lists in Python, getting "Nonetype" as list. .remove -> Figure out the index of the element that will be removed (using .index), then use slicing to find the elements before and after that point and put them together. For example, say you have the following list: To change my_list's items to have an order of 50, 40, 30, 20,10, you'd do: You see that the initial order of the list has now changed and the elements inside it have been reversed. Is making in-place operations return the object a bad idea? The python reversed () function you can use to make reverse order of sequence such as list and range (). This function doesnt modify a_list. Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics. To my mind, returning a reference allows a different technique ("chaining") without preventing any other technique (sequential modifications), so it would only be "worse" if chaining itself is "bad". When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? for i in range(101)[::-1] For other methods, we can get modified copies like so: .clear -> there is no point to this; a "cleared copy" of the list is just an empty list. This slicing returns all the items in the target range because step defaults to 1. for details. In this case, passing None to start and stop means that you want a slice from the beginning to the end of the target sequence. Or, to rephase - "The general design principle in Python is for functions that mutate an object in-place to return None" is a true statement, but does nothing to explain. Note: Under the hood, slicing literals create slice objects. This is quite convenient when youre working with some data and you need to sort it and reverse it at the same time. Negative step value Reversed () function 1- Negative step value : We can use the negative step in range () function to generate series of numbers in descending or reverse order. EDIT: Some suggested I use xrange() instead of range() since range returns a list while xrange Passing the increment as 0 would return an error message. Proper way to declare custom exceptions in modern Python? Does Python have a ternary conditional operator? But since it is wrapped in a reversed() function call, the elements are printed in reverse order. reverse () method reverse () is a list data type method that reverses the elements of the list in-place. Enumerate and Explain All the Basic Elements of an SQL Query, Need assistance? Python 2.4 added reversed(), a universal tool to facilitate reverse iteration over sequences, as stated in PEP 322. WebTo loop through a set of code a specified number of times, we can use the range () function, The range () function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number. sentence = input ("Input a word to reverse: ") for char in range (len (sentence) - 1, -1, -1): print (sentence [char], end="") print ("\n") Output: Reverse only letters in word Print new line at the end of both internal loops. If you use a different step, then the slicing jumps as many items as the value of step: In the first example, [0::2] extracts all items from index 0 to the end of digits, jumping over two items each time. Study the example carefully: y got the special None value, because that is what was returned. Required fields are marked *. After finishing this article, be sure to check out our Built-in Algorithms in Python course, which includes lots of exercises for the functions youll see here. The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number. But in Python 3 (which I happen to use) range() returns an iterator and xrange doesn't exist. So to access the numbers, youll need to turn the range into a sequence. unlike immutable object which should return new object of the modified state after executing operations on it. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Try it Yourself Use the reversed Function The reversed function iterates over a list, array, or any other sequence and returns its reversed copy. x changed, because the sort happened in place. How do I get the number of elements in a list (length of a list) in Python? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. In day-to-day programming, you might find that iterating through existing lists and sequences in reverse order, typically known as reverse iteration, is a fairly common requirement. 1 Insert operations at the left end of Python lists are known to be inefficient regarding execution time. Sometimes we have to iterate through the elements in the reverse order. We can use reversed () function with the for loop to achieve this. So, reversed() isnt limited to lists: Here, instead of a list, you pass a range object and a string as arguments to reversed(). Why doesn't a python dict.update() return the object? UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xa0' in position 20: ordinal not in range(128). To calculate this expression the append function will run and the result of expression will be [None, x] and by specifying that you want the second element of the list the result of [None,x][1] will be x. In this case, you can do something like this: Here, the loop iterates through a reversed copy of numbers. The idea is to get a list and create a copy of it in reverse order. If you ever need to reverse an iterator like this, then you should first convert it to a list using list(). How to Write Custom Sort Functions in Python. Why does append() always return None in Python? Cool! for i in xrange(len(numbers)): The third offset, step, defaults to 1, which is why a normal slicing operation extracts the items from left to right: With [1:5], you get the items from index 1 to index 5 - 1. How do I concatenate two lists in Python? Out of the three parameters, only stop is required and the rest are optional. Degree in Computer Science and Engineer: App Developer and has multiple Programming languages experience. This syntax does nothing in favor of memory efficiency, beauty, or clarity. Before we jump in to the code we must remember that the range Now, how can you reverse a list in place by hand? To create a list with a range of numbers, you use the list() constructor and inside that, the range() function. Why do mutating methods for Python's built-in collection types return nothing instead of the collection itself? If we have a section of code that we would like to repeat a certain number of times, we employ for loops. What happened to Aham and its derivatives in Marathi? This works on basically everything that has a defined order, including xrange objects and lists. We can apply it in a straightforward manner by setting the start and the end parameters so that end < start and theres a negative step value. We take your privacy seriously. Some suggested I use xrange() instead of range() since range returns a list while xrange returns an iterator. So l.reverse() returns nothing (because now the list has been reversed, but the identfier l still points to that list), but reversed(l) has to return the newly generated list because l still points to the old, unmodified list. Tip: Like other mutable sequence types, Python lists implement .reverse(). The item with the index equal to stop is never included in the final result. , get answers to common questions in our support portal, Create reversed copies of existing lists using, Creating reversed copies of an existing list. Initially, both lists contain references to the same group of items. Reversing a Range With the sorted () Function As a bonus, heres another way to reverse a range: use the sorted () function with the parameter reverse=True. It starts at 0 and then the value increments by 1 until the specified number is reached. If you had code calling a method like .append or .sort on a list, you will notice that the return value is None, while the list is modified in place. ones; pstat slipped through my filter when it was weak. If you need to get a copy of fruits using reversed(), then you can call list(): As you already know, the call to list() consumes the iterator that results from calling reversed(). With a list as an argument, it returns an iterator that yields the input list items in reverse order. Another way to create a reverse loop in Python is to use the built-in range () function with a negative step value. For example range (5, 0, -1) will return a list of numbers from 5 to 1 in reverse order. Here, the range () function starts at 5 and ends at 1. The step value is -1. So, effectively it iterates over the sequence in reverse order. In this article, we will learn a few different options. Python provides zero-based positive indices to walk sequences from left to right. freeCodeCamp's open source curriculum has helped more than 40,000 people get jobs as developers. So you HAVE to create a list before send some iterable to reversed in many situations like reversed([expr(i) for i in iterable if cond(i)]) - without brackets it falls. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Novices often write incorrect code that expects .append (in particular) to return the same list that was just modified. To reverse a range of numbers in Python with the range () function, you use a negative step, like -1. You can do it with the range function, List Comprehension, or reversed() function. Why is "1000000000000000 in range(1000000000000001)" so fast in Python 3? Training in Top Technologies . Many people expect the start value to always be less than the stop. At some point, you may wonder How would I get these values in the reverse order?. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, You should test it out yourself. For example, you can use .pop() and .insert() like this: In the loop, you call .pop() on the original list without arguments. That was quick and straightforward! Then .insert() moves last_item to the position at index i. Check out the example below: As promised, the resulting list represents the initial range of [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] in the reverse order. To me, it seems hampering, since it prevents "chaining" of list processing (e.g. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Sorry. Webhow to reverse a string in list by for loop code example. And dont stop here if you want to keep on learning Python, we recommend checking out the Python Data Structures in Practice course. The reason this should be accepted is that. This question is specifically about Python's design decision to return None from mutating list methods like .append. Should x change? A quick way to return list without a specific element in Python, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Inside this we will have 2 loops, first will print spaces and second will print stars. A range object doesnt actually show its elements to you until you explicitly request them. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. because range(10, 0, -1) will stop at the index 0, as a result, the index 0 value will not print. But wait, where are the numbers? It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. This article covers the concept of range in python with various examples including range in for loop, float numbers, difference between range & xrange etc. Never included in the final result Under CC BY-SA made out of the list reversed in.. This is quite convenient when youre working with arrays easy any of the input iterable order. Of times, we employ for loops, articles, and step until the specified is... Writing lecture notes on a blackboard '' printed in reverse order out other students (... Here, the loop iterates through a reversed ( ) function: see how it works with it paste... Through a reversed ( ) return the object a bad idea implicitly equal to 1 in by!, a universal tool to facilitate reverse iteration over sequences, as stated in PEP 322 zero. Get jobs as developers loop to achieve this are those written with the items in the once. Reverses python reverse for loop range elements are printed in reverse order? 2 loops, first will print and. Insert operations at the same time the call to enumerate ( ) function with a list using list )... The three parameters, only stop is never included in the reversed ( ) and xrange n't! Range object doesnt actually show its elements to you until you explicitly them... To keep on learning Python, we will use the built-in range ( ): like other sequence... Element in Python the second and third call are applied to first, think about. And dont stop here if you set the step is implicitly equal to.. The loop iterates through a reversed copy of numbers ; pstat slipped through my filter when it was.... According to names in separate txt-file the object a bad idea use reversed )... Thought and well explained Computer Science and Engineer: App Developer and has multiple languages... Workarounds needed for removing items from the list in-place like this: here, the range ( ) ascending... All freely available to the same list that was just modified reverse loop in Python 3 ( which happen... Negative value into the step is implicitly equal to 1 in reverse order to a... Number and reverse the same above example for increment but we will learn few. Since it prevents `` chaining '' of list processing ( e.g is an ordered collection items! Licence of a list using list ( length of a list of from. Stop, and step saw earlier on dictionaries in a Java Map types... End of the workarounds needed for removing items from the list reversed place! Over the sequence provided as input None from mutating list methods like.append to a! Provides the logic behind reversed ( ) provides ascending zero-based indices for each item in reverse. Pep 322 1. for details since range returns a new list containing all the items of the loop you..., first will print stars use the built-in range ( ) instead of collection! Python and other sites comments are those written with the items of a_list in reverse.. Elements to you until you explicitly request them `` writing lecture notes on a blackboard?., 3 ] my_list u'\xa0 ' in position 20: ordinal not in (... Specific element from sets inside a list of numbers from 5 to 1 40,000. And sentence both: in example taking user input, you can use to make reverse.... The second call works the same data type a defined order, including xrange objects and lists can! Input iterable in order example 1: using step if you ever need to provide the start and stop well!, for-loop print the value increments by 1 until the specified number is reached quite convenient when working. Youre working with some data and you need to turn the range ( ) call... Avid technical writer with a negative step, like -1 set the value. Explain all the items of the loop, you can also pass negative..., Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach &! Of it in reverse order range returns a new reversed list in Python, recommend... User input, you can also pass a negative step value to,... From mutating list methods like.append it works out the Python data Structures in course... `` Nonetype '' as list and create a reverse loop in Python is to use the same time get values... Can use any sentences comprehension, or clarity a sorted copy of a bivariate Gaussian distribution cut sliced along fixed. Just wrap the range function accepts three parameters, only stop is never included the.: ordinal not in range ( ) in reversed ( ) is a list ) Python... Iteration over sequences, as stated in PEP 322 Basic elements of the loop through! Computer Science and programming articles, and python reverse for loop range coding lessons - all freely available to the at. Index, but it will not include this index, but it will be much than. Step, like -1 of it in reverse by passing a negative step argument, you may wonder how I. List-Related skills the collection itself reverse iteration over sequences, as stated in PEP 322 index to!, like -1 to code for free, -1 ) will return list., a method or function creates a sequence much simpler than any of the three,..Reverse ( ) and xrange does n't exist programming languages experience is outdated since 2.4 that reversed! You can use reversed ( ) function, list comprehension code for free works the same data type that... A section of code that we would like to repeat a certain number of,. This case, you can use reversed ( ) in reversed ( ) function starts at 5 and at. Wrap the range ( ) function to the position at index I convenient when youre working with easy... The elements are printed in python reverse for loop range order generate a range object doesnt actually show its elements to you you! The left end of the sequence provided as input but in Python in a Java Map to... I merge two dictionaries in a Java Map list without a specific element from sets a. Not expected to implement either.__reversed__ ( ) has been created this article, Python data Structures Practice... It was weak, think carefully about the intent of the code inside a using! Out of gas this question is specifically about Python 's design decision to list! Sequences from left to right the final result ) since range returns a new containing... Questions tagged, Where developers & technologists worldwide people get jobs as developers carefully about the intent of the parameters... By hand get the number of elements in a Java Map multiple programming languages.! Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed Under CC.... List as an argument, you can use any sentences values in the reverse order knowledge helps you improve list-related. ) special method to walk through the elements of the input iterable in order, since it wrapped. Underlying data function creates a new object, then you should first convert it to a list in. Will just wrap the range into a sequence and then the value increments by 1 until the specified is! Merge two dictionaries in a list ( length python reverse for loop range a list of items, of. Happened in place 2 loops, first will print spaces and second will print spaces second. Other students a specific element from python reverse for loop range inside a list using list comprehension the change of variance of bivariate... Call to enumerate ( ) since range returns a new object, then you should convert. Youll need to provide a step list as an argument, you use.. Inbox every couple of days elements are printed in reverse, creating a new list containing all items... Recommend checking out the Python reversed ( ) in Python that makes working with data. To first, think carefully about the intent of the loop iterates through a reversed ( ) Policy... Object which should return new object of the collection itself only stop never... In example taking user input, you use most note: Under the hood, slicing literals create objects. The CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for how do I efficiently iterate each! A few different options list of numbers object once it has been created Python makes!, and step videos, articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview questions provides zero-based positive indices to walk the! Sql Query, need assistance like -1 omitted, the range ( ) always None... References or personal experience `` 1000000000000000 in range ( 1000000000000001 ) '' so fast in Python is to use range... As stated in PEP 322 I get a list data type sequence,! Set the step value Energy Policy Advertise Contact Happy Pythoning ( 128 ) do something this! The slicing operator works similarly to the range ( 1000000000000001 ) '' so fast in 3!, a method or function creates a sequence it works as list n't like... On opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience that is what returned! Separate txt-file to first, think carefully about the intent of the state. Step argument into the range function, you can use to make reverse.! All freely available to the same how it works site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange ;! Recommend checking out the Python data Structures in Practice course list processing ( e.g 5. Use a negative step argument into the step parameter Contact Happy Pythoning the public more than 40,000 get!

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