Map Directions Satellite Photo Map Wikivoyage Wikipedia Photo: Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. The rare and protected tiger rockcod at Rocktail Bay, iSimangaliso Marine Park, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2018 entrant), The tiger rock cod is a rare saltwater fish species. With imports and exports on the rise in and out of these ports, it's only a matter of time before larger and deeper berths are necessary to accommodate the changes and remain competitive. The Big Five of the Ocean: Exploring the Waters of East Africa. [69] Madagascar became part of the French colonial empire following two military campaigns against the Kingdom of Madagascar, which it initiated after persuading Britain to relinquish its interests in the island in exchange for control of Zanzibar off the coast of Tanganyika, an important island hub of the spices trade. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). East African Islands Type: territory Description: Islands in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. This ocean stretches around the world at southern latitudes, where it circumnavigates Antarctica. In March 1505, having received from Manuel I of Portugal the appointment of viceroy of the newly conquered territory in India, he set sail from Lisbon in command of a large and powerful fleet, and arrived in July at Quiloa (Kilwa), which yielded to him almost without a struggle. We assist local communities in securing management rights to their local wildlife and fisheries. It is narrow, swift and strong. El Nino events tend to increase rainfall except in the northern and western parts of the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands, where they produce drought and poor Nile floods. The Southern African coast line is 5500 km long and extends from Angola (Cunene River mouth)in the west to the Zambezi delta in the east, the border of Tanzania. The Gulf Stream is a powerful western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean that strongly influences the climate of the East Coast of the United States and many Western European countries. The two currents do not "meet" anywhere along the south coast of Africa. Language distributions suggest that this most likely occurred from Sudan into the African Great Lakes region, since the Nilotic languages spoken by these pre-Bantu farmers have their closest relatives in the middle Nile basin. Omissions? Inshore, people often mistake the pectoral fin of a sunfish floating on the surface to be that of a sharks dorsal fin. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Mafia Island, which lies out to sea here, could perhaps be Menouthias, the only island named in both the Periplus and the Guide, although this could also be either Pemba or Zanzibar (perhaps there has been a conflation of all three in the one name). Nearly all of them rely directly on its marine resources for their livelihoods. East Africa's Coral Refuge is a critical source of food and livelihoods for people all across Kenya and Tanzania. Over several centuries countless East Africans were sold as slaves by Muslim Arabs to the Middle East and other places via the Sahara desert and Indian Ocean. Some geologists studying the Canary Islands predict that the western side of a volcano eventually will slide off into the ocean, sending a 300-foot high wave of liquid destruction our way. Make a symbolic African elephant adoption to help save some of the world's most endangered animals from extinction and support WWF's conservation efforts. [37][38][39], In September 2019, scientists reported the computerized determination, based on 260 CT scans, of a virtual skull shape of the last common human ancestor to modern humans/H. Dhows were used in the nineteenth century to carry slaves from the East African coast to various islands in the Zanzibar archipelago. WWF strives to develop practical solutions to address the conflict that frequently occurs between people and wildlife. Unusually, most of the rain falls in two distinct wet seasons, one centred on April and the other in October or November. The coast of East Africa provides many excellent natural harbours formed by submerged former river estuaries. Farmers are often killed while trying to defend their fields and elephants become the source of resentment and anger by the local communities. [51] The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people. My modest aim in this paper is to turn a similar spotlight on the East African coast, to re-examine the little-known set of oral histories that includes those . The spread of ironworking and the Bantu migrations, The chieftainships of the southern savanna, https://www.britannica.com/place/eastern-Africa. In 1890, beginning with the purchase of the small port town of (Asseb) from a local sultan in Eritrea, the Italians colonized all of Eritrea. WWF works with local communities, governments and industry to create awareness and appreciation for the connection between nature and people. . "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Eastern Africa is populated by 160 different ethnic groups or more, depending on the method of counting. The situation is exacerbated by large-scale illegal logging, which is often exported to international markets. Scientific consensus states the region of East Africa is where anatomically modern humans first evolved circa 200,000 years ago before migrating northwards and eastwards out of Africa. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Once implemented, the law will save the lives of up to 5,000 marine turtles per year and allow Mozambican fishers to sell their shrimp to the U.S. market. WMAs create opportunities for wildlife tourism, which directly benefits local communities through jobs and revenue. With $1.9 million in funding from the Global Environment Facility, an African Nature-Based Tourism Collaborative Platform is being developed to connect funders to communities and small and medium enterprises involved in nature-based tourism in eastern and southern Africaand who are most affected by the loss of revenue due to Covid-19. Physical Geography. It imported large quantities of Islamic pottery and, in the 9th and 10th centuries, Chinese porcelain. A healthy reef with an abundance of life in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), The life-sustaining benefits of rainforest to our planet is more commonly known than those provided by a healthy ocean, but in fact, the ocean contributes even more and I wanted to capture a photo conveying this message. Italy gained control of various parts of Somalia in the 1880s. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. Because of offshore islands, better landing places, and wetter climate, Arab traders from about 700 seem to have preferred the East African coast to the south of modern Somalia. ? Chami, F. A. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population.Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the . [76][77][78], South Sudan peacefully seceded from the Sudan in 2011, six and a half years after a peace agreement ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS Following the Zanzibar Revolution of 1965, the independent state of Tanganyika formed the United Republic of Tanzania by creating a union between the mainland, and the island chain of Zanzibar. WWF and partners have helped fishermen create a sustainable oyster harvesting system, resulting in increased profits and yield. Author: George McCall Theal Source: Wikimedia Commons License: Public Domain A green turtle swims in the blue waters at Marsa Abu Dabbab in the Red Sea, Egypt Cristian Umili (Photographer of the Year 2018 entrant), ? [36], East Africa is one of the earliest regions where Homo sapiens are believed to have lived. Encyclopdia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra. Most of the peoples of Eritrea and Ethiopiaand some of those in Tanzania and Kenyaspeak languages belonging to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Rising demand and weak enforcement have led to a higher incidence of elephant poaching and increasing ivory markets. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. Several countries border the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. Wild dogs, black rhinos and lions also roam its forests and grasslands. With maximum velocities of around 8.5 km/h, it is one of the fastest and strongest flowing currents in the world. WWF works with farmers to develop climate smart solutions that conserve natural resources and protect wildlife habitats, while improving local food security and incomes. Should we carry along the same path, its estimated that there will be no fish left in the ocean by 2050. At Lake Malawi, they finally met the recently created British Protectorate of Nyasaland (nowadays Malawi), which surrounded the homonymous lake on three sides, leaving the Portuguese the control of lake's eastern coast. We help them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching. Some of the island's historical buildings could be seen from the ocean, especially the House of . Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing may account for as much as a third of total catches in some important fisheries in the region, and the capacity for local enforcement is severely lacking. Djibouti, as well as the Puntland and Somaliland regions of Somalia, have also seen relative stability. [45] The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. 110. Its here, in the deep, pelagic waters, where blue sharks (Prionace glauca) call it home. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. Local merchants gathered ivory from the south, gold from the western interior and frankincense and myrrh from northern Africa. [72] In the video games Halo 2 and Halo 3, East Africa is one of the central locations for the campaigns.[73]. Marine Turtle, African elephant, Black rhino, White rhino, Great white shark, Dugong, Whale shark, In response to Covid-19, a new partnership will boost the devastated nature-based tourism industry in Africa, Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Like their predecessors, the Omani Arabs were primarily able only to control the coastal areas, not the interior. WWF seeks to halt the illegal logging in Mozambique and Tanzania that is destroying vital coastal forests. Sadly, when it comes to the ocean, the out of sight out of mind way of thinking often applies. A dense concentration of box jellyfish in the Atlantic Ocean, Cape Town, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Semi-finalist), In 2016, I published a photo of an unusual and yet to be described behaviour displayed by box jellyfish. Portuguese naval vessels were very disruptive to the commerce of Portugal's enemies within the western Indian Ocean and were able to demand high tariffs on items transported through the sea due to their strategic control of ports and shipping lanes. Only in quite recent times has agriculture spread to the more humid regions south of the equator, through the spread of cattle, sheep and crops such as millet. The ethnic fabric in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda is much more fragmented, with many smaller peoples intermingled or occupying discrete territories. Author of, Distinguished Professor of History and African Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing. Because exploitation of turtles is often driven by a lack of economic choices, WWF works to develop alternative livelihoods so that local people are no longer dependent on turtle products for income. At about 30.3 million km 2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. [50], On the coastal section of the African Great Lakes region, another mixed Bantu community developed through contact with Muslim Arab and Persian traders, leading to the development of the mixed Arab, Persian and African Swahili City States. [2][3][4][5] However, this has never been the convention in many other languages, where the term generally had a wider, strictly geographic context and therefore typically included Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Stay safe. Overharvesting of timber and illegal commercial logging continue to threaten forests in Coastal East Africa. This Somaliland protectorate was just opposite the British colony of Aden on the Arabian Peninsula. Lionel Casson. Azania Vol. The climate of East Africa is rather atypical of equatorial regions. WWF works to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife, collaborating with partners from local to global levels in nearly 100 countries. Consequently there has been much contact over the past two thousand years among the peoples who inhabit its shores. Pop. Villagers found that the small no-take zones that allowed fish stocks to rebound also produced an abundance of oysters. The Omani Arabs posed the most direct challenge to Portuguese influence in the African Great Lakes region.By this time, the Portuguese Empire had already lost its interest on the spice trade sea route due to the decreasing profitability of that business. 82 Likes, 0 Comments - skhathisomusa dumani mthembu (@skhathisomusa) on Instagram: "African East coast | tropics #eastafrica #mombasa #coast #ocean #tropicalparadise #beach #film" Photo Galleries, Photographer of the Year, TRAVEL & CONSERVATION COMPANY The Periplus Maris Erythraei. The Gulf Stream, paired with the eastern . Popular Destinations Tanzania West of the Rwenzoris and Ethiopian highlands, the rainfall pattern is more typically tropical, with rain throughout the year near the equator and a single wet season in most of the Ethiopian Highlands from June to September contracting to July and August around Asmara. Portuguese trading stations in East Africa and the Slave trade. Along the beaches and within coral reefs and seagrass beds, five species of marine turtles nest and feed: green turtle, hawksbill, olive ridley, loggerhead and leatherback. The 2000 population is expected to quintuple over the course of the 21st century, to 1.6billion as of 2100 (UN estimates as of 2017). Ships sailed from there to western India to bring back cotton cloth, grain, oil, sugar, and ghee, while others moved down the Red Sea to the East African coast bringing cloaks, tunics, copper, and tin. In fact, on the coast of Somalia, many years can go by without any rain whatsoever. East Africa & Indian Ocean cruises. The first identifiable building sites are dated from this time, and, according to Arab geographers, the East African coast was then generally thought of as being divided into four: (1) Berber (Amazigh) lands, which ran down the Somalian coast to the Shabeelle River, (2) Zanj proper, (3) the land of Sofala in present-day Mozambique, whence gold was beginning to be shipped by about the 10th century, and (4) a vaguely described land of Waq waq, beyond. Due to the historical Omani Empire and colonial territories of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa, the term East Africa is often (especially in the English language) used to specifically refer to the area now comprising the three countries of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Seyyid said later introduced copper and silver coins. The Swahili term "dhow" encompasses a diversity of sailing ships, from coastal fishing boats to ocean-going vessels. We also work towards MSC certification for the deep water shrimp fishery in Mozambique. Eastern Africa has a diverse climate change that consist of hot, dry desert regions, cooler, and highlands. Some parts of East Africa have been renowned for their concentrations of wild animals, such as the "big five": the elephant, buffalo, lion, black rhinoceros,[21] and leopard, though populations have been declining under increased stress in recent times, particularly those of the rhino and elephant. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan are considered the most likely location of the land known to the Ancient Egyptians as Punt. German East Africa, though very extensive, was not of such strategic importance as the British Crown's colonies to the north: the inhabitation of these lands was difficult and thus limited, mainly due to climatic conditions and the local geomorphology. Fast as they are, I doubt this shark was quick enough to outrun the storm. ~ Adam Mitchell, ? The South African coastline is 3200 km from Oranjemund on the west coast to the Mozambique border at Ponta do Oura on the east coast. [citation needed] As cattle terminology in use amongst the few modern Bantu pastoralist groups suggests, the Bantu migrants would acquire cattle from their new Cushitic neighbors. [22] Elsewhere the annual rainfall generally increases towards the south and with altitude, being around 400mm (16in) at Mogadishu and 1,200mm (47in) at Mombasa on the coast, whilst inland it increases from around 130mm (5in) at Garoowe to over 1,100mm (43in) at Moshi near Kilimanjaro. WWF works with government and communities to develop land use plans that allow wildlife movement and human use to coexist. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. KEN MORIYASU, Nikkei Asia chief desk editor June 30, 2021 03:53 JST. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. Roland Oliver, et al. By 1300, like the inhabitants of neighbouring Mafia, they were living in Muslim towns, the rulers of which were Shites. Lucas Jackson/Reuters Elsewhere in the US, the West Coast is getting hit by huge storms coming from the goofy jet stream . Best Answer. 100 km wide), swift (up to 3 m/s) and deep (2 km). In the Horn of Africa and Nile Valley, Afroasiatic languages predominate, including languages of the family's Cushitic (such as Beja, Oromo and Somali), Semitic (such as Amharic, Arabic and Tigrinya), and Omotic (such as Wolaytta) branches. Joint operations have also improved the collaboration among different law enforcement institutions. Chapter 8: "The Cinnamon Route". Few would imagine that there could be more natural beauty on offer. Starting in the 1850s, the small protectorate of Djibouti became French Somaliland in 1897. Eastern Africa region The Nairobi Convention A: Overview The Western Indian Ocean region is characterised by high biodiversity, both in terms of species and ecosystems, with a young and growing human population, especially in coastal urban centres. Location: Africa [29], According to both genetic and fossil evidence, it has been posited that archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans in the Horn of Africa around 200,000 years ago and dispersed from there. Aiming to reduce illegal activities, WWF helped the governments of Tanzania and Mozambique agree to work cooperatively on improving forest management. Lake Niassa is an important source of freshwater, home to over 1000 fish species and critical to the livelihoods of the people of Mozambique. Birth of undersea volcano off the east coast of Africa recorded in great detail. This article covers the history of the area from ancient times through the 20th century. The park is Africas largest marine protected arearich with coral reefs, dugongs, dolphins, marine turtles, whales, sharks and hundreds of species of fish. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, large African Great Lakes kingdoms and states emerged, such as the Buganda[65] and Karagwe[65] kingdoms of Uganda and Tanzania. You really can walk across the Red Sea at Sharm el-Sheik. Various bodies of water surround Africa the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the east and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and in these waters, you will find an array of dazzling lifeforms, from the smallest nudibranch to the impressive schools of fish that move through the water like a flock of red-billed queleas on the African plains. 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