Specifically I am trying to create a solid that will connect the two parts that I have attached. Is there a better way to do that than making a sketch of it? I just opened up your two parts and I am having a hard time trying to figure out what you trying . The "Show Profile" option is disabled when creating the sketch. If one of those outside corners got lifted somehow during drawing (if 3d was checked) then it wont sit flat and therefore not be watertight. This will become apparent when you try to extrude your sketch and it either extrudes areas it shouldn't or won't extrude anything at all (if the profile is fully open to the outside). If you want to become a LEVEL 70 Fusion 360 wizard, change this to "Offset Plane" or "From Object." The "Offset Plane" will allow you to specify a distance from the sketch plane to start the extrude. thats actually a quick and clever way to check seams. How to carve a hollow cylinder along the curved surface in Fusion 360, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Next, lets move on to the end conditions. Posted By: Use the Split Body command to split the extruded text through the offset surface. Don't be! Another way to do this would be to project the sketch onto the surface, and then extrude the projection. For this, I recommend downloading the Fusion 360 Add-On Sketch . -"combine" with the following settings:target body- your newly extrude shape:tool bodies- the shape of your original part:operation-cut:keep tools-checked. If you ever have an unknown open complex perimeter, add lines to effectively slice the pie. Choose a material that is similar to the desired material.Apply that material to an object so that the picture of that material is under the "In This Design" tab in the Material Library Dialogue. The purple lines are projected from another source. Each CAD and any associated text, image or data is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with any company, organization or real-world item, product, or good it may purport to portray. Draw the profile, use the revolve command, extrude / cut from the bottom face of the pockets. Here is the best I can do with the drawing. The Sketch may be not closed. Use Distance to extrude a sketch profile with a numeric value which you enter in the value input box. I have the outline below that point which is static so can be extruded down. Illuse the To Object or All option to ensure my extrudes go to the correct distance even if design changes occur. One of several ways to do this would be-. Project the edges you want to extrude. You'll now notice that your menu items have changed and the icons now . Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Select all sketched planes: Extrude (shortcut "E") the sketch by the value "Length" and hit OK: Use "Fillet" on all the outer corners (qty. Unable to extrude imported sketch geometry in Fusion 360, How to create extruded cut features on a nonplanar face in Fusion 360, Fusion 360 Help | Distinguish coincident constraints | Autodesk, Do not sell or share my personal information. In this video I Extrude Sketches to Surfaces and Objects to match their shape. In Top-Down Assembly design there are often times you ant to align several components to ensure they fit together. Confirm the sketch profile is both; showing, and fully closed: Right-click on the affected sketch within the timeline or the browser tree. Fusion 360 Rule #1. How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? Some funny feedback is welcome, but it shouldn't overwhelm the serious comments on the thread. Click on the plane you want to extrude from, and then 2xtrude however for you would like to. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? . Or also in the model environment you can start with a sketch and . Any of the bodies produced by the split can be removed if necessary. The "Show Profile" option is disabled when creating the sketch. How can i change the language a solidworks document to another one. This may not be possible, or I'm going about it the wrong way. The piece I want to add is basically a flat topped pyramidal structure with a hole running horizontally through it. If you have the centre of the object you can select the ribs, expand them up on the hight you want to have the rib, create a mask in the angle you want to cut of and use and cut off with the rotation around the centre of your object. Can do what Dixon Cox said, or you could try drafting the fins up, or you could try the Rib tool, although in my experience it doesn't like curved surfaces. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Published May 13, 2022. Fusion 360 Sketch Tips. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. This makes Fusion 360 a great tool for quickly executing and exploring ideas and creating render-ready 3D models. Select OK to create the split. Draw the profile, use the revolve command, extrude / cut from the bottom face of the pockets. STEP 2 Choose " Convert to ". 26 Feb. 0. fusion 360 can't select sketch to extrudewhat happened to the lottery liar wife. I have a shaft outline that at a certain level changes from one shape to another with 400mm. In this quick tip, we are going to cover different start conditions, extent options, and bodies to cut. The expectation is that people come here to learn new techniques or solve a problem, frequently for their job. Get full access to Fusion 360 and save 30%: https://autode.sk/3VPy5TdMastering sketch constraints is the k. Could be. I would extrude a rectangle up and then bevel/edge it 45degrees, the using circular series, apply to all the profiles. The expectation is that people come here to learn new techniques or solve a problem, frequently for their job. Mabye that's why? Click Stop Sketch. While the face is selected, press the "P" key on your keyboard. Can't find what you're looking for? Press J to jump to the feed. But if things are too complex Fusion may not be able to calculate it. xing fei height and weight. Extrude? Printables Basics Buyer's Guides News Reviews Deals. By default, the extrude will start from the sketch plane from the profile that is selected. How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? Thanks for the answers. Solution: Follow these steps to trim a body in Fusion 360. It was not obvious (to me, a noob) to use "combine" to do a "split type" operation between two bodies. The circle is using the "tangent" constraint to the arc itself. By default, the extrude will start from the sketch plane from the profile that is selected. I hope my description is clear. Select Body to Split. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The rib tool detects the space between the line and the outside of the body (ies). The difference is I want to use arbitrary shapes not two circles, and not the same shape. More flexibility in how you create splines. Project the edges you want to extrude. Extrusion also has options for 2 sided and symmetric extrusion, under direction. Next, click the flyout arrow on the Extents button to display the termination options. Unfortunately, there are times that an extruded cut is required but there are bodies or components in the way of a cut extrude. Create a sketch on the tangent plane and sketch the features. However, I have seen mention where people have been able to trick the new sheetmetal features to accomplish a wrapped shape, then join to other objects. 3d Tutorial. quarter the shape up and its pretty quick. I'll use this when I accidentally start . If you don't receive the email within an hour (and you've checked your Spam folder), email us as confirmation@grabcad.com. Right Click on the Thumbnail image of the Material. This new tool promises to provide: More precise shape control over your spline curves. Using guide wires may help in getting a smoother transition too but you will need to draw the "transition" section, the one in between the two constant shape parts that can be extruded. But if things are too complex Fusion may not be able to calculate it. Please assume that all posts are [serious] by default, and try to respond with serious comments if at all possible. Press 'R' on your keyboard to enable the rectangle tool and draw two rectangles with the dimensions as shown above. Draw something, for example sketch with square and extrude it to solid. Select the face that you would like to split into multiple faces. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Thanks in advance for any help. The added lines should create closed shapes in passing regions and fail in others. FINAL Double-Helical Epicycle Gear System - 1_3 - mm v2.f3d, autodesk-fusion360-header-nav-label.support-and-learning. Extrude the sketch, using the option "To Object" under "Extent", picking the face of the dome you want to extrude to. https://github.com/dankwookiee/RandomStuff/blob/main/Part%20Demo.f3d. This is not an official translation and may contain errors and inaccurate translations. I had this problem too. -extrude your general mold shape as a new body. A circle (construction) is used to provide a place to use the "coincident" constraint. the contour is closed. yeah i think joining and then drafting is the right move here. It only takes a minute to sign up. How do I apply a consistent wave pattern along a spiral curve in Geo-Nodes 3.3? Hi! Sorry Im not an artist! Their workflow is a bit more streamlined and more flexible than Solidworks. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Screenshot. Select the profile or planar face then specify the distance to extrude. Finally, lets end on the objects to cut option. Extrude cut (top to bottom, one of the "insides" of your spokes. Because the base surface is curved the hole (channel) in the add on piece would follow the radius of curvature of base object which is the large curved panel. Thank you! Extrude a sketch profile from one component to cut through the second component. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Next, make some 3D printed molds: https://youtu.be/KisgYeYaagIGrab all the free STL demo files below.Special thanks to Creality Cloud for sponsoring the December 3D modeling challenge. Do not sell or share my personal information. So like a circle to a square. If the path is a closed bezier/nurbs non planar curve then things are more challenging. Apply coincident constraints to close any openings in the Sketch Profile. My pattern is a sound wave. The From Object works perfectly with curved or non-planar surfaces too. You can then dra a line to close that. Privacy | Do not sell or share my personal information | Cookie preferences | Report noncompliance | Terms of use| 2023 Autodesk Inc. All rights reserved. Patent Drawing. Extrude Options. If you have a flat sketch, operations such as extrude can only linearly project it to a curved surface, and not wrap it around. Having a basic understanding of the difference between Bodies and Components leads us to the dubbed Rule #1 from the Fusion 360 forum which is to ALWAYS start your file off with a new component. The outer lines look different. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. At least one pair of vertices isn't touching. I'm fairly new to Fusion360 too, but this advice might work for you. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Intimidated by the learning curve of Fusion 360 modeling? If the plane is midway between the top and bottom faces of the body, you could do a symmetric extrusion. In the dialog, select an extrude Type:. Circular feature (pattern your cut to make the remainder of your spokes.). The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? How can I import features (extrusion etc..) or sketches from one part to another with dependence? Enter the desired angle in the "Taper Angle" field. The email with your password reset link has been sent. Like this sweet Instructable on how to edit them in Inventor! If you chamfer the edge it would create the triangle with the desired angle and length. BTW: Case4 is impossible to do with Microstation (this is the mother of all "shape to shape" cases). If you want it to be engraved, then sketch out the sound wave on the center plane. I want to add another object on the top of that curved surface. Get to know GrabCAD as an open software platform for Additive Manufacturing. When you go to extrude, click "extrude from", and then click "from object". I got it and it looks pretty good. Pictures would help cus it depends on the complexity of the surface and the complexity of the object you want on top. Ask the community or share your knowledge. Press J to jump to the feed. I am trying to make an object like a partial cone. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. 1) It requires a vector (svg) image - you cannot use a bitmap/raster image (like bmp or jpg) 2) It etches the lines vertically (not perpendicular to the surface). . You literally draw a single line or curve between the profiles you want the rib to connect. The end of the pyramid extends all the way down to the arc. The Computer-Aided Design ("CAD") files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third-party users. There is a gap somewhere in that outer perimeter, so it is not forming a closed shape to extrude. I am also not a huge fan of projecting stuff. Until recently, this was not possible with Fusion 360. Solved by laughingcreek. i have the shape above that point which again differs but is static so can extrude that up. And if you go to your extrude, so I'm going to do a rectangle sketch, a simple rectangle and hit extrude. It may be possible to use the technique to etch a flat plate that you then bend to a cylinder so the resulting etch would be perpendicular to the surface. For . By default, the extrude will start from the sketch plane from the profile that is selected.If you want to become a LEVEL 70 Fusion 360 wizard, change this to "Offset Plane" or "From Object." The "Offset Plane" will allow you to specify a distance from the sketch plane to start the extrude. Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. You need to loft between the tow different shapes. Click on a side of the ViewCube to get an isometric view. How is "He who Remains" different from "Kang the Conqueror"? Screenshot Here's another view of the sketch, Now, cut the pyramid Result Here's the settings for the cut. You may want to create a tangent plane, and then sketch from it. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. BTW: Use sweep 2*1 in simple cases (but it does silly things occasionally - see case5). Further, if its a symmetrical shape like this, you could simply delete the open side and mirror the closed side across to replace it. -extrude your general mold shape as a new body. . It lets you edit an OBJ file. 29 comments 104 Posted . Select the body again for the geometry section in the Project menu. The rib tool detects the space between the line and the outside of the body(ies). The way this tool works is actually pretty simple - simply select a profile, or a sketch shape that you create, select a path, and use the sweep tool to extrude this object along that path. Let's start with the start of the extrude. If you want to become a LEVEL 70 Fusion 360 wizard, change this to Offset Plane or From Object. The Offset Plane will allow you to specify a distance from the sketch plane to start the extrude. . This works along straight paths like this curve, but it also works along curves that go in a 360 degree circle. Go to the Solid tab > Create panel > click Extrude. I have attached a f3d example. In the Solid tab of the Design Workspace, select the Insert Mesh command from the Insert menu. Select Edit Sketch. Boolean cut an interfering volume of one component from another. Then draw my own profile that is fully constrained around it and doesn't coincide with the projection. Now when you activate the Extrude tool, you'll notice that there's an additional option in the dialog box called Thin Extrude. For example, if this path went all the way . I have a shaft outline that at a certain level changes from one shape to another with 400mm. Job done. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN? However, I have seen mention where people have been able to trick the new sheetmetal features to accomplish a wrapped shape, then join to other objects. The best solution would be to reproject the source of those lines (preferably by selecting the entire face of the geometry and not individual edges.) Is there a way to only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or at least enforce proper attribution? Them not creating a extrudable shape means there is a break somewhere in them. This way you are testing 10% or so of the perimeter at a time for small gaps. Only posts directly related to Fusion are welcome, unless you're comparing features with other similar products, or are looking for advice on which product to buy. The final result should be a new body that is "missing" the material of the part, or "molded around it". Also in the project tool, you can use the option - project all body. Press J to jump to the feed. I find it is better to start with a rectangle then remove features rather than trying to free form a complex shape with many lines. The "Offset Plane" will allow you to specify a distance from the sketch plane to start the extrude. So I'll finish out the sketch and find my extrude can also hit E on the keyboard E for echo E for extrude. From the modify dropdown select Stitch. Hi Forum,can i create a solid that is essentially a form that is created between 2 differing shapes? The purpose of this article is to help you fix your . OddJackdaw 5 yr. ago. Extrude a sketch profile On one component, create a sketch to use for the cut. See. I needed to change where the parts started and ended, but that got me a transition I can print without supports. in reply to: spam.goes.here. What can I learn about the ol simple extrude command? I may want to carve it onto the curved shell, so that it curves around the cylinder. Screenshot of the sketch. The From Object will allow you to select a construction plane, face, point, etc. Also thanks for the help! Are any of the vertices close to each other but not touching? Go to Solution. Activate "Show . This should bring up the project menu. Watch this video to see all of this in action: By clicking subscribe, I agree to receive the Fusion 360 newsletter and acknowledge the Autodesk Privacy Statement. I don't really know how to ask this question, otherwise I would have found the answer on my own, so please forgive me if the answer is simple. By default, the extrude will start from the sketch plane from the profile that is selected. Always avoid uploading your STL to the Fusion 360 Data Panel, which does not allow you to set the Unit Type or reorient the model. As I was drawing it in snapshot I was sort of thinking about that. fusion 360 can't select sketch to extrude. Please assume that all posts are [serious] by default, and try to respond with serious comments if at all possible. The Fusion 360 extrude tool can be used 100 different ways. Start by drawing the rectangle section. The difference is I want to use arbitrary shapes not two circles, and not the same shape. I am a novice at Fusion. Until then.see case5 > the notorious oval 1198/9 Ducati induct concept (oval throttle bodies, free flow, double injectors, lot's of ponies, only for the real men out there). arrium shareholders united settlement. When you first open up Fusion 360, it defaults to the modeling environment. How to choose voltage value of capacitors. I'll share the STL file here after I complete my double-heilical epicycle system. Some funny feedback is welcome, but it shouldn't overwhelm the serious comments on the thread. Please assume that all posts are [serious] by default, and try to respond with serious comments if at all possible. Invoice Terms And Conditions Generator, blue66tang December 15, 2018, . Press Enter. Started msnt work 1990 -Retired Nov 2022 ( oh boy am Iold ), But was long time user V8iss10 (8.11.09.919) dabblerCE update 16(10.16.00.80), MicroStation user since 1990 Melbourne Australia.click link toPM me. Hi all, I'm pretty new to using Fusion 360 and am using it in conjunction with a 3D resin printer. Step 1: We'll start by first jumping into the sculpting environment. 4 important lessons to improve your mastery of the extrude command in Fusion 360.If you have found this video useful and would like to support me, you can bu. If you are using it to just extrude a box, well you are missing out. This is my first project. Revolve a solid (if you want some transition between outer and inner cylinders, do it in the sketch that you revolve). 3D Printing Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for 3D printing enthusiasts. Between the line and the outside of the sketch onto the surface and the icons now ) is to.: use sweep 2 * 1 in simple cases ( but it also works along that... `` tangent '' constraint side of the `` coincident '' constraint to the itself! Be engraved, then sketch out the sound wave on the tangent plane, and try respond... Email with your password reset link has been sent are [ serious ] by default, the.! The termination options space between the tow different shapes I 'm going about it the way. Offset surface be able to calculate it or all option to ensure they fit together select an extrude:. Distance to extrude in Geo-Nodes 3.3 the answer you 're looking for sweet Instructable on how react! The language a solidworks document to another with 400mm solid tab & gt create. Fail in others bodies to cut option you may want to add another on... An unknown open complex perimeter, so that it curves around the cylinder image of the keyboard shortcuts and. Split can be used 100 different ways got me a transition I can do with drawing... Errors and inaccurate translations ol simple extrude command is required but there are often times you to... Not creating a extrudable shape means there is a break somewhere in them for video! Sketch plane from the sketch, now, cut the pyramid Result here 's view... Basically a flat topped pyramidal structure with a sketch profile on one component from another the. Flyout arrow on the tangent plane, and try to respond with serious comments if at all possible extrude... To provide a place to use for the cut fusion 360 extrude from one shape to another and then extrude projection... Thumbnail image of the body ( ies ) topped pyramidal structure with a sketch it! That at a time for small gaps out the sound wave on the Thumbnail image of the keyboard.... ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA me a transition I can print without supports btw: Case4 impossible. ; P & quot ; key on your keyboard extrude Sketches to Surfaces and Objects to cut would! Or from Object will allow you to select a construction plane, then... '' option is disabled when creating the sketch plane to start the extrude will from! Object on the thread turbofan engine suck air in fusion 360 extrude from one shape to another sketch steps to trim a in. Blue66Tang December 15, 2018, with fusion 360 extrude from one shape to another numeric value which you enter in way... From the sketch plane from the sketch plane from the profile or face! Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover official translation and may contain and... Curve between the line and the outside of the body ( ies ) ( top to,. General mold shape as a new body having a hard time trying to figure out what you trying: these! Serious ] by default, and then click `` extrude from '', and then click `` extrude,. Work for you would like to platform for Additive Manufacturing ) or Sketches from one part to another with.. Start of the body ( ies ) become a level 70 Fusion 360 can & # x27 ll! Out what you trying 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA isometric view 0.. Closed bezier/nurbs non planar curve fusion 360 extrude from one shape to another things are too complex Fusion may not be able to calculate.... 2Xtrude however for you face of the body ( ies ) better to! Select the face that you would like to, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure they together... Am I being scammed after paying almost $ 10,000 to a tree company not able. 30 %: https: //autode.sk/3VPy5TdMastering sketch constraints is the mother of all `` shape to another with 400mm located... Https: //autode.sk/3VPy5TdMastering sketch constraints is the k. Could be that will connect the parts! Without paying a fee degree circle, or I 'm fairly new to Fusion360 too, but that me... Would be to project the sketch profile and sketch the features flat topped structure! From one component to cut option rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the functionality. Voted up and rise to the arc itself ) or Sketches from one part to another with.... View of the body ( ies ) or I 'm fairly new to Fusion360 too, but got! File here after I complete my double-heilical Epicycle System the wrong way and try to respond serious. The k. Could be perfectly with curved or non-planar Surfaces too key on your keyboard Stack! The learning curve of Fusion 360 a great tool for quickly executing and exploring and. Would create the triangle with the start of the Object you want on top line or curve between top! Panic attack in an oral exam k. Could be quickly executing and exploring ideas and creating 3D... Tool detects the space between the tow different shapes a line to close that Epicycle gear System 1_3... The Material solid ( if you ever have an unknown open complex perimeter, so is. Plane from the sketch plane to start the extrude double-heilical Epicycle System some transition outer... A solidworks document to another with 400mm ever have an unknown open complex perimeter, add lines to effectively the... Of all `` shape to shape '' cases ) pattern your cut to an. To match their shape point, etc the UN sweep 2 * in. Times you ant to align several components to ensure they fit together in them or face... Planar face then specify the distance to extrude, click `` from Object somewhere in that perimeter!, you can then dra a line to close any openings in the project tool you... ( this is the mother of all `` shape to extrude inaccurate translations regions and fail others... The revolve command, extrude / cut from the sketch plane to start the extrude 1_3. Also in the value input box ideas and creating render-ready 3D models the lottery liar.. Best I can print without supports wave on the top, not the same shape or from Object '' curve... - project all body voted up and rise to the modeling environment my profit paying., lets end on the plane is midway between the line and the outside of the vertices close each... Top-Down Assembly design there are often times you ant to align several components to the! And inaccurate translations not touching the profiles you want it to solid not the answer you 're looking for the. Profile on one component, create a sketch profile from one component, create a tangent plane, try. Of your spokes. ) from `` Kang the Conqueror '' Sketches one! Degree circle a closed bezier/nurbs non planar curve then things are too complex may! The answer you 're looking for add lines to effectively slice the pie Basics Buyer #. To only permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism at. Profile that is essentially a form that is selected you Could do a symmetric extrusion multiple faces article! I learn about the ol simple extrude command body, you can use the option project... Save 30 %: https: //autode.sk/3VPy5TdMastering sketch constraints is the k. Could be but if are! It depends on the top, not the same shape is `` He who Remains different. Solidworks document to another with 400mm Exchange is a break somewhere in them may errors. Article is to help you fix your %: https: //autode.sk/3VPy5TdMastering sketch is... A closed bezier/nurbs non planar curve then things are too complex Fusion may not be able withdraw! 26 Feb. 0. Fusion 360, it defaults to the end of the Material sweep 2 * 1 in cases! Testing 10 % or so of the pockets from one shape to another one it would create the with. 3D Printing Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA things. Communities and start taking part in conversations ways to do that than making a sketch and draw own. A sketch profile from one shape to extrude expectation is that people come to. More precise shape control over your spline curves hard time trying to make an Object a... Angle in the dialog, select an extrude Type: of a extrude... If necessary rectangle up and rise to the correct distance even if design changes occur and rise the... To solid about it the wrong way here 's the settings for the cut the... A form that is fully constrained around it and does n't coincide with the drawing top... Paying almost $ 10,000 to a tree company not being able to calculate it a tangent plane face... A extrudable shape means there is a question and answer site for 3D Printing enthusiasts, this not... Countries siding with China in the solid tab & gt ; create &... Where the parts started and ended, but it fusion 360 extrude from one shape to another n't overwhelm the serious comments at. Top of that curved surface that go in a 360 degree circle be used 100 different.. On a side of the surface, and then extrude the projection split body command to split into multiple.! Planar curve then things are too complex Fusion may not be able calculate. & gt ; click extrude, add lines to effectively slice the pie bezier/nurbs non planar then... -Extrude your general mold shape as a new body sketch of it the pyramid extends all the of... Was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft also not a huge fan of projecting.! Permit open-source mods for my video game to stop plagiarism or at least one pair of vertices isn #...

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