Unlike Ukraine, the Assad regime in Syria was authoritarian, corrupt, and violent. Second, under the EUs temporary protection directive, any Ukrainian national who flees as a result of the invasion, plus his or her partners and children of any nationality, may receive permission to stay in any EU country for one year; previously, a Ukrainian passport permitted visa-free entry into the EU for only up to 90 days. While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. A new report released by The Guardian shows the recent massive migration inflow to Germany has had a positive impact on the GDP, as the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains, specify that asylum seekers can only be employed, to be recognized by the national labor system, many asylum seekers experience discrimination, perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system, 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy, argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year. Central American and Mexican refugees ask why they aren't being treated at the same level as . Data collected from three IPL projects shows that Muslim immigrants and refugees face higher levels of discrimination in Europe than those with a Christian heritage. This led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated. I need ammunition, not a ride from the war-torn streets of Kyiv, Zelensky has become a vocal, defiant defender of democracy and civil liberties, while Putin has trampled Russians freedoms, invaded a sovereign nation, and authorized countless war crimes in Ukraine. Even though refugees are always victims of conflict, the civil war in Syria is more difficult to fit into this binary of right versus wrong, which may affect the EUs perceived political expediency of aiding Syrian refugees. The Detail asks why they are treated differently to refugees coming in through the quota system? Until the EU extends these benefits to nonwhite, Muslim, Middle Eastern and African refugees, the bloc will not only be violating Article 3, but also the unwritten laws of basic human decency. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue) Reporters have documented dehumanizing treatment against international students from Africa, South Asia and the Middle East in Ukraine. It took three. But we need to remember that Europeans were impressively generous to the first wave of Syrian refugees, but as the numbers increased, attitudes quickly became exclusive. Unlike Ukrainians, they must apply for asylum and wait for approval before seeking jobs. Border patrol agent seen holding whip during encounter with Haitian migrants, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers, Biden immigration hypocrisy on full display as he tells Haitians fleeing chaos not to come, The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern, Thousands of Afghan refugees await new homes in U.S. airbases, has 14 days to implement the court ruling, arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan, received medical screenings and access to vaccinations. In fact, research from the European Parliament shows that the latest migration inflow has not increased unemployment, but rather led to a growth in higher-wage jobs for native workers, as refugees and migrants primarily take over low-wage jobs. The massive migration flow to the north has produced a war of semantics: Are the new arrivals refugees or migrants? Although Article 3 of the 1951 Refugee Convention states that nations shall apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin, white, Christian, Ukrainian refugees receive preferential treatment in the EU. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. He's also covered the near collapse of the live music industry during the coronavirus pandemic. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. The Century Foundation takes your data security and privacy seriously. Both direct and indirect threats were related to unfavorable attitudes toward refugees, so there may be a bidirectional relationship between peoples attitudes and their perception of threat: The perception of threat gives rise to negative attitudes toward outsiders, and negative attitudes also cause greater threat perception. show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents. He has also done graduate work in clinical psychology and neuropsychology in U.S. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. People fleeing war-torn Ukraine arrive on a train from Poland at Berlins main train station on March 6, 2022. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. Al Jazeera journalist Virginia Pietromarchi notes, Bloody conflicts in Syria, Somalia, and other places have not received the wide-reaching international media coverageor urgent international government actionthat the invasion of Ukraine has inspired." According to new research, many asylum seekers experience discrimination on the Swedish labor market. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. While this study indicates anti-Muslim bias among government officials, a similar 2016 study suggests that regular citizens exhibit similar tendencies. For years, asylum seekers have navigated the asylum system by changing their sexual and national identities. Since anger and hostility toward refugees might be related to the perception of injustice as well, we need to address feelings of injustice related to the obligation of accepting refugees and foreigners. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. We need to demystify refugees cultural practices so they appear less threatening. In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. That's what makes it so shocking. Reportedly, some of the perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system to enter Europe, giving migration skeptics ample opportunity to call for border closures. Melissa De Witte, Stanford News Service: mdewitte@stanford.edu, The researchers created maps showing where warmer weather has left trees in conditions that dont suit them, making them more prone to being replaced by other species. Job insecurity, poverty, and hunger can leave people with no other choice but to risk everything on a boat across the Mediterranean. Meanwhile, work gains do not mitigate the fear many European politicians and citizens express over the long-term cultural impact migration inflow will have on the region. They want to work and maintain their dignity, not just be refugees.. "Countries that had been really negative on the refugee issue and have made it very difficult for the EU to develop coherent refugee policy over the last decade, suddenly come forward with a much . Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. Bulgarian Prime Minister Kiril Petkov recently drew a distinct line between the two groups, justifying differential treatment and fostering a sense of Ukrainian exceptionalism: Underscoring this justification is Islamophobia; Ukrainian refugees are primarily Christian, while refugees from Syria and North Africa are mostly Muslim. In line with these recommendations, countries with high migration rate such as Germany, Sweden, and Italy offer asylum seekers temporary work permits while their applications are being processed. Shooting, detaining, torturing, and executing protestors, Assad forcefully crushed pro-democracy protests during the Arab Spring. International law and practice addresses refugee and internal displacement emergencies differently. Stanford University. There are several interconnecting reasons behind this sudden change in the way European citizens and states are responding to refugees. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. Saif Khalid of Al Jazeera attributes this disparate language to primarily white media outlets that [lack] diversity and perspective and enforce racial stereotypes. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. IPL researchers analyzed survey data collected at transit hubs across West and Central Africa, and they found that only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe. Public policy in the EU and discussions of Dublin Convention reform have been marred by misunderstandings. Arash Emamzadeh attended the University of British Columbia in Canada, where he studied genetics and psychology. The Biden administration must immediately halt flights carrying asylum-seekers back to Mexico and Haiti and fully rescind Title 42 so that everyone seeking protection can petition for safety. Unfortunately, extremists and right-wing politicians alike have used the sensitive political climate to strike fear and tensions. Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Addie Esposito is a staff writer and Senior Editor at the HIR. Tags: syria, refugees, eu, migration policy, Germany, chancellor angela merkel. How do you anticipate Ukrainians experience will unfold compared to that of asylees from Syria or North Africa? Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. Only a very small number of asylum seekers arrive in New Zealand each year - and fewer than half of them are successful in their claims for refugee status. The decision that wealthy northern European countries such as Denmark and the UK made last fall, when they dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility by refusing to receive any of the 120,000 asylum seekers relocated from the south, revealed their humanitarian priorities. This stark contrast epitomizes Europes unequitable treatment of different refugee populations, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy. Extensive efforts to support Ukrainian refugees are effectively progressive, yet they send a painfully clear message to non-Ukrainian refugees excluded from benefits: that they are less deserving of aid and acceptance. Tens of thousands of people have already crossed into. During the 2015 refugee "crisis," the EU called for detaining arriving refugees for up to 18 months. This treatment also extended to racialized permanent . What does Turkey get in return for taking care of Europes deported lot? While we do not know the specific educational and skill profile of the now over 3 million Ukrainians who have fled, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries. They have received medical screenings and access to vaccinations upon their arrival. Examining these six threat types, researchers tried to determine if only one or two of them might explain hostility toward refugees just as well or even better than all six factors combined. KESHAVARZ: So as journalists, I think it's really critical that we look at that duality, and we question why that is. Please submit a letter to the editor. All rights reserved. She previously worked as a Middle East Fellow at the Independent Diplomat Advisory Group and as an adviser at the Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the UN. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. Moving forward, these new policies and attitudes towards people seeking refuge should be the norm . In responding to refugee crises and surges in asylum applications, the EU has struggled to maintain unity and solidarity among member states. EuroNews Trevor Noah has slammed the double-standard between how African and Middle Eastern refugees are treated when fleeing to Europe in comparison to Ukrainians who are currently fleeing their country due to the Russian invasion. Asked whether she recognised a difference in the treatment of refugees between 2015 and 2022, Frederiksen replied "yes, it is (different), because Ukraine is our region". To counter this trend, employers and NGOs in Sweden and Germany offer asylum seekers apprenticeships, training courses and special-track employment to help them adapt to the national labor requirements and enter the labor market faster. That's less likely to be true for people who decide to leave in the coming weeks, said Steve. KESHAVARZ: And I think one very dangerous thing that we're seeing is - and it bears asking the question - is, have journalists become so desensitized to the suffering of different peoples of color, specifically people that are in war zones, that we're no longer seeing on the same level playing field? As they work out where to go next, it's not clear they'll find refuge in Europe. Over the past decade, mostly in collaboration with his Stanford colleague James Fearon, Laitin has published several papers on ethnicity, ethnic cooperation, the sources of civil war and policies that work to settle civil wars. In addition, we should remember foreigners culture will change, particularly with intergroup contactjust as cultures of European immigrants to America have changed, as history shows. Work permits are a contested issue in the EU, since many native workers fear that the new labor force will steal jobs from them. "But instead, it really is night and day if we talk about the programs for Afghanistan's refugees.". Notwithstanding, numerous other treaties - dealing with human rights, refugees, stateless people and the protection of political, civil and economic rights -indirectly afford protection for migrants; unfortunately, all too often, receiving countries flout these obligations. In 2014, Syrian and North African refugees poured into Greece, a country then not equipped to fulfill those treaty obligations. Here, Laitin discusses how the experience of Ukrainian refugees compares to those fleeing other conflicts and difficulties, such as those escaping civil war in Syria and economic hardship in North Africa. Furthermore, immigrants pose an identity threat, especially if they have a different cultural identity, religious identity, and value system than members of the host community. Perceptions of threat, according to previous research, are one of the most important predictors of attitudes and prejudice toward immigrants and other outgroups(p. 82).2. In other words, the deaths of African and Middle Eastern civilians have elicited less attention from media outlets and foreign governments than the deaths of Ukrainians. For example, people are not eligible to make a claim if they have: been convicted of serious criminal . The EU report challenges her statement by showing that, rather than signifying asylum seekers lack of desire to work, the slow inclusion of asylum seekers into the labor market is a result of poor implementation: Many employers in Sweden are simply not aware that asylum seekers are allowed to work. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? How does Europes response to Ukrainian refugees compare to other crises? The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined "refugee" (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), "escapee" (someone fleeing communism), and "expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). After all, from . Others avoid registering for asylum, not for practical reasons but out of a sense of dignity. KESHAVARZ: And I think one very dangerous thing that we're seeing is - and it bears asking the question - is, have journalists become so desensitized to the suffering of different peoples of color, specifically people that are in war zones, that we're no longer seeing on the same level playing field? Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. A mass exodus of Ukrainians risks overwhelming resources in neighboring countries even as Europe pledges to aid refugees fleeing Russia's invasion. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. The 2014-15 refugees had no such rights. The Century Foundation Therefore, the latter must contend with heightened xenophobia, and numerous studies evidence discrimination against Muslim asylum seekers. Chancellor Angela Merkel is facing her biggest political crisis to date over this issue, with over 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy. The impact of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern, and Asian refugees fleeing Ukraine are treated. Albagir is given beatings, and the Maslovas are given bread. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images). Many asylum applicants who technically fall under the refugee-protection category have been deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. Why refugees from Ukraine have been treated differently European countries haven't seen such a large number of displaced people in this short period of time in recent history. Early refugees from Ukraine often had relatives outside the country and the means to reach them. Assad sought to offer a stark choice between his secular rule and a jihadi alternative, creating a binary with no clean, moral winner. the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. Albagir, a male refugee from Sudan, and one of his co-travelers struggle to cross into Poland. Refugee The United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) defines refugees as those who have fled from conflict and persecution to seek protection in another country. The Danish. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. 2016. Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. Not so today in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. With the recent mass shooting in Germany, some people are again asking why anybody would hate refugees and aliens (i.e. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Stanford News is a publication of Stanford University Communications. Millions of Ukrainians are living in unimaginable terror; but thankfully the countrys refugees will face a more accommodating Europe than did those who sought similar protection a decade earlier. With fewer resources invested in non-Ukrainian refugees, it may take longer for their asylum cases to be processed, prolonging unemployment, living precarity, and limited access to resources. The findings could help inform long-term wildfire and ecosystem management in these zombie forests.. An anchor for Al-Jazeera English called Ukrainian refugees, quote, "middle-class people," in comparison to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. Iraq is reclaiming territory and yet faces internal conflict and a long road to recovery. The European Commission is considering reforms that ensure fair sharing of responsibility, including ending the Dublin Convention, but progress has been slow. : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. Watch on. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stipulates that while refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. Copyright 2022 NPR. A further 133,000 have gone to Hungary, 72,000 to Slovakia, 51,260 to Romania, and nearly 98,000 . Accuracy and availability may vary. . Germany, for example, has suffered fromzero population growth for years and is in acute need of young, able-bodied workers to feed its massive industrial economy. And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. The Refugee Act of 1980 amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, standardizing the process for admitting refugees into the United States. All refugees deserve. At least 660,000 people have fled Ukraine in the five days following the start of Russia's invasion, the United Nations refugee agency U.N.H.C.R. That's why we want you to know that, when you visit our website, we use technologies like cookies to collect anonymized data so that we can better understand and serve our audience. Author Kate Zernike dissects the years-long fight for gender equality at MIT, NASA made history by knocking an asteroid off course. While a federal judge on Thursday blocked the Biden administration from enforcing Title 42 for migrant families, the administration still has 14 days to implement the court ruling, and in any case is appealing the decision. In late August, my colleagues from Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico traveled to the Mexican border with Guatemala to accompany those expelled from the U.S. on one of these flights. This was shown in the behavior of newly certified French civil servants, who were more likely to reject Muslim applicants for refugee status; it was shown in the behavior of Swiss voters denying citizenship to Muslim applicants in direct democratic votes at higher rates than comparable Christians; and it was shown in the behavior of French citizens in experimental protocols fearing and discriminating against increasing numbers of Muslims in their midst more than Christians, even though both groups were from Senegal. Since being forced to wait one additional year for the asylum decisions lowers the probability of being employed by about 4.9 percentage points'' due to skills atrophy and demoralization, it is more difficult for non-Ukrainian refugees to integrate into the workforce. For example in Germany and Sweden, so-called priority reviews specify that asylum seekers can only be employed if there are no suitable national or EU-citizens available for the job. While the first three threats may be considered direct threats, the other three are extended threats. 1, People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. Extensive international coverage of the crisis in Ukraine also has geopolitical consequences. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. For instance, do you worry about foreigners spreading diseases, committing violence, or taking away jobs and depressing wages? A recent report by Human Rights First documented at least 6,356 reports of kidnappings and attacks on asylum-seekers and migrants after they were turned away from the U.S. under Title 42. The reasons for this difference. As Al-Younes noted, who wants to hire an asylum seeker still at risk of deportation, since their application hasnt been accepted yet? PublishedFebruary 28, 2022 at 3:31 PM CST. Arriving from the Middle East and Africa, non-Ukranian refugees are often otherized. Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. Two recent reports from the European Parliament show that despite short-term costs, labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains that exceed the costs. Landmann, H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, A. 2. Since Russia invaded Ukraine one month ago on Feb. 24, nearly 3.5 million people have fled Ukraine, and should the conflict continue, an additional 5 million more refugees will likely flee from the country within a year a rate that is nearly five times as fast as the flow of refugees from Syria and North Africa, says Stanford immigration policy scholar David Laitin. Refugees are not citizens of the country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs. Other EU countries are now considering taking similar steps. They met a woman from Guatemala traveling with her two daughters. Attitudes also are affected by humanitarian concerns: When a refugee is perceived to have a valid claim or specific vulnerability for example, if he or she was a victim of torture support is generally higher. Some refugee families say they aren't being treated the same as families fleeing from Ukraine. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. The way the system is in place, most of the burden falls on groups like us, in terms of housing and transportation, says Chuevang Xiong, Director of Refugee Services at the International . HIRING! This crisis requires countries that are accepting refugees to have . She holds an MA in Near Eastern Studies from New York University and will be a PhD candidate in social anthropology at Columbia University in the fall. The EUs response to the refugee crisis also shapes its posture towards Russia and reignites Cold War concerns about Russian aggression, for Eastern Europeans acknowledge the potential for Putin to invade their nations as well. The European Parliament stresses in a report that even though Sweden offers low working restrictions for asylees, their labor market is inflexible and poorly adaptable to employees with different skills. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. foreigners). Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: A Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel (Grant No. Not only did those member states threaten vital diplomatic relationships by placing the burden on their neighbors, but they also may have placed their own security at risk with their anti-immigration, borderline xenophobic policies. Many refugees are coming from northern Africa and the Middle East, with roughly 50 percent of the population of Syria seeking refuge from war. As more refugees entered Europe, detention increased, and former European Council President Donald Tusk even called for 18-month detention periods. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. Stanford, California 94305. The death of Alan Kurdi: one year on, compassion towards refugees fades: Toddler's death opened European hearts and policy towards refugees, but 12 months on those changes have proved temporary. Masses of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and elsewhere have faced racially motivated hostility in. The reality, however, is that "both people and states do treat different groups of refugees in different ways, according to where they come from; according to their own perceptions of those people . Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980, the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, and since 1990 more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. Reviewed by Ekua Hagan. Giulia McPherson is the director of advocacy and operations at Jesuit Refugee Service/USA. Although the Refugee Act of 1980 set an annual limit on refugee admissions, the law also authorized the President of the United . Response to Ukrainian refugees compare to other crises and executing protestors, Assad forcefully pro-democracy. President of the country and the means to reach them suggests that regular citizens exhibit similar tendencies East Africa... 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