In reality, the virus was already widespread in the country by then. Since HIV/AIDS was first reported, 1,115,415 adults had been infected by 2008 and 585,830 of those had died. Many believed HIV was a disease of foreigners and it wouldn't become a national problem. Previously, the US travel ban prevented visits to the US by people with HIV, except in exceptional circumstances. Read more about PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis). First thing I want to address is that if you've had unprotected sex and are concerned about HIV (as you should be) then just getting an STD test is not enough. Most will have occurred through unprotected sex, which is estimated to account for 90% of all new HIV infections. It is a 28 day course of pills you must take everyday at the same time of the day from when you began taking them. Restrictions on entry and residence for HIV-positive individuals can change quickly and with very little notice. For entry and short-term stays, there are generally no restrictions for people living with HIV across Western & Central European states. The regimen used when starting treatment for the first time. Home HIV test kits now available in Thailand. It's known for its tropical beaches, floating markets, stunningroyal palaces, and Buddhist temples. Between 2003 and 2005, there were increases in HIV prevalence from 17 to 28 percent among men who have sex with men in Bangkok. In Bangkok, the capital, an ultramodern cityscape rises with brand new high-rise condominium developments next to quiet canalside communities. In 2018, an estimated 480,000 of Thai people are living with HIV, out of the 68 million total population. 35 means we can empower more people living with HIV to challenge stigma with our information workshops, videos and broadcasts. But the infection rate could climb again. The Chinese government has lifted a 20-year-old rule that banned foreigners with HIV and AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases and leprosy from entering the country, according to the country's state . tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, and pneumocystis pneumonia) approximately doubled the risk of death, and the authors identified several challenges associated with people who had a history of them. [4], In 2004, Thailand received a third-round grant from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria to prevent HIV/AIDS among IDUs and increase care and support for them. There are an estimated 80,000-1,000,000 prostitutes in Thailand. [5], After Thailand's first case of [imported] AIDS was reported in 1984in a Thai student who returned from college in the United States[7]and after the first laboratory detection of HIV in 1985,[8] starting in early 1988, HIV infection spread explosively in sequential waves in one risk group after another. The situation is complex and changes from country to country. The problem of teen pregnancy in Thailand, Thousands of Russians Flee to Thailand to Escape War, Great Inventors: They called Marconi a lunatic, GREY hair could soon be a thing of the past, Schoolgirls death highlights marked rise in Thailands suicide rate, Reasons the EU should pay Britain for BREXIT, Vietnam execution photo framed a view of war. Pattaya girls using FAKE certificates saying theyre HIV free. Although there has been some decline in reported cases of HIV/AIDS in Thailand, this is more likely to be statistical manipulation than it is an improvement. Available at www.flickr.com/photos/usaidasia/27234729458/ under a Creative Commons licence CC BY-NC 2.0. You can search, compare, discuss, and book your medical all in one place. We believe independent, clear and accurate information is vital in the fight against HIV & AIDS. Note that in Aruba, the Cayman Islands, St. Kitts & Nevis and St. Vincent & the Grenadines regulations are unclear or inconclusive, and no information is available for Bermuda. Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers. More positively, the number of countries restricting travel by people with HIV has reduced in recent years. It may also be beneficial to contact an HIV organisation in the destination country to ask for information. More than half of the children who died from HIV-related illnesses in Africa were not diagnosed with HIV prior to their death, and nearly all of these deaths were preventable, data from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) study indicated. Following the removal of this ban in January 2010, HIV-positive individuals can now legally visit and migrate to the US. Thai Red Cross's Anonymous Clinic is famous for cheap HIV and STD testing for people with lower budget. It aims to collect and keep up to date information on national and state level laws criminalising the transmission of or exposure to HIV. This could lead to disease progression and worsening of resistance. The only country in East Asia that will deport on the basis of HIV status is the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). Visit NAMs other websites: clinic.nam.org.uk|infohep.org|prepineurope.org|about-hiv.info|pro-vich.info | hiv-lens.org. In Thailand, the access to ARV drugs is not only available for the Thai people but also for foreigners in the country. The HIV prevalence among injecting drug users, however, remains high at 33% in 2003 and poses a major challenges to HIV control in Thailand. Travellers should take precautions to prevent STIs. Our information is intended to support, rather than replace, consultation with a healthcare professional. Of those with HIV in Asia and the Pacific, 9% live in Thailand. ISIS scum being held in inhumane conditions, so what? 1994 Dec;19(6):417-31. doi: 10.1007/BF02260324. There is currently a lack of information available on the specialists practicing at the Clinic, and they are not accredited by any recognized accreditations institutes. Information on this can be found on the Australian Governments website. Many of the staff can speak English, so communication is not a problem. One quarter of participants had CD4 levels below 44, another quarter was below 162, and only 11.5% of people had CD4 counts above 500 when they first registered in the database. According to immunologist Vicham Vithayasai, 60 percent of 15-year-olds and 80 percent of 18-year-olds already have visited prostitutes. Promote your business for only US $50 pcm, Feed BangkokJack through your website for free, The problem of Thailands killer pollution. They will be able to provide you with detailed information about how you should maintain and administer your medication while abroad. November to February is often referred to as the Cool Season when less rain is expected and the temperatures tend not to rise above 35C (95F). There are an estimated 80,000-1,000,000 prostitutes in Thailand. Restrictions are not always consistently enforced. Although 80% of the Thai population lives in rural areas, the Thai government since the 1950s has invested disproportionately large amounts of resources in the urban sector at the expense of rural areas. It is worth noting that some countries will offer waivers under certain circumstances, particularly if the trip is to visit family members, but they may be difficult to obtain. Opportunistic infections (e.g. The infamous Rainy Season tends to start in July and continue through to October; during this time expect heavy rainfall, often amounting to flooding in some areas. I trusted him and so I didnt use protection, Karuna said. This high prevalence of HIV infection among prostitutes, frequent sexual intercourse, and lack of condom use in Thailand is ideal for the continued spread of HIV throughout the population. For example, numbers of HIV and STI testing clients in major HIV/STI centers declined by 50-75%, there were reductions in numbers of new HIV diagnoses . However, if a consultation leads on to surgery, then you should expect to follow that with an extended period of rest. Medical Tourists travel from all across the globe, particularly from the local SE Asia region, Australia, United States, Middle East and an increasing amount are traveling from China. You are advised to contact their respective embassies prior to travelling for clear guidance. In some countries, people applying for a visa or residency permit may be obliged to take an HIV test or to prove their HIV-negative status. We respond to the complaints and protect the rights of the HIV-positive, Cheewanan said. Normally, health and social organizations reach out to sex workers and teach them about safe sex. Careers. The rest, mostly fly in from local countries on budget airlines, including Scoot, SilkAir, AirAsia and Lion Air to name a few. Thai Public Hostpital = 1500 THB = $48.51 USD (CD4 and Viral loads tests) *approx. AFAIK, HIV prevalence among bargirls is estimated to be around 2%. Talking to Your Doctor. Buy the appropriate condom size, store them properly, and refrain from wearing two condoms at once. A type of fungal infection usually affecting the membrane around the brain, causing meningitis. You are advised to contact their respective embassies prior to travelling for clear guidance. Although the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Thailand has declined, the epidemic has moved to the general population and there is a greater need to match prevention efforts with recent changes in the epidemic. This is a Thai statistic so the reality of the epidemic is likely to be very much higher than that. Introduction. Thailand and CDC conducted the world's first clinical trial that showed that PrEP can reduce HIV transmission in people who inject drugs. Maintains compulsory detetion centre for PWUD. He stated that having a work permit allows him to obtain free medication for HIV positive people. PULSE CLINIC - Asia's leading Sexual Health Clinic on Silom Road (open 7 days a week), PULSE CLINIC - Asia's leading Sexual Health Clinic on Sukhumvit 13 Trendy Building (open 7 days a week), PULSExpress - Walk in Laboratory Clinic at BTS PhayaThai and Airport link PhayaThai (open 7 days a week), PULSExpress - Walk in Laboratory Clinic at BTS Phromphong (open 7 days a week). But most male teenagers reaching puberty ignore social warnings or a way of life that is considered old fashioned. Like any other countries in this wild world where everyone is horny, Thailand has as many STDs as America, Australia and Europe. It was too late when Karuna, a 26-year-old mother of two, realized that her husbands affair would be fatal for her. Corrections and additions welcome. Nemoto, Tooru, Mariko Iwamoto, Usaneya Perngparn, Chitlada Areesantichai, Emiko Kamitani, and Maria Sakata. Those with a UK, US, German, Australian, Singaporean passport, for example, do not require a visa when entering and can stay for up to 30 days. No HIV testing is required for short-term tourist stays in Russia (up to three months), but foreign residents found to be HIV positive are expelled. markkkkkyNew UserReged: 11/05/12Posts: 7countries where HIV+ people can work #268836 - 11/06/12 02:56 PM Hi.I just want to know if there are other countries where HIV+ peopl as among the world's most successful. For domestic flights, the airports are nicely linked in Thailand with flights from as little as $45 USD one way. Whilst Thailand is most welcoming of tourists from all over the world, travelers should check with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand for confirmation. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Vulnerable populations in Thailand: giving voice to women living with HIV/AIDS. HIV can take up to a month or longer to show signs of infection and some people show zero signs, so running down and getting a test doesn't put you in the all clear. In 2005, more than 40 percent of new infections were among women, the majority of whom were infected through intercourse with long-term lovers. Half of the recent cases are women who were infected by their husbands or their partners. We believe independent, clear and accurate information is vital in the fight against HIV & AIDS. AIDS claimed 9,300 lives in Thailand last year, despite the availability of free, comprehensive care for those living with HIV. The following countries have restrictions on long-term stays: Equatorial Guinea, Mauritius, Seychelles, Sudan and Tunisia. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. An HIV-positive status may deny you entry to the following countries: Iraq, Jordan, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. The coastal locations do benefit from the cooling sea breeze, a luxury urban Bangkok is denied. Even though the epidemic is declining, the condition is still prevalent among key affected populations, particularly young people. 5 allows us to reach millions of people globally with accurate and reliable resources about HIV prevention and treatment. Given the non-invasive nature of HIV Consultation, there is no downtime, so you won't need to consider your recovery and aftercare much. Both Private and Public . NIAID has a long history of cooperation in biomedical . In the mid 1980s, STDs spread rapidly in Thailand. Most commonly sold condoms in any convenient stores are sixe 52mm, if you are larger than that or XXL size, don't forget to pack your own in your luggage! Daily PrEP medicine reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by more than 90%, but it must be taken consistently. Of Thailand's population of nearly 70 million, an estimated 500,000 people were living with HIV and 12,000 people died of AIDS-related illnesses in 2021. We need a solid follow-up system and ways of finding out why they do not return to get more antiretrovirals.. For a woman to have sex before marriage is seen as an unforgivable slur on the familys honor and reputation. Buddhism (95%) is the primary religion throughout Thailand, with a large Muslim population (4%) mostly focused in the south. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies National Library of Medicine For example, 80 percent of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) had never been tested or thought they were HIV-negative, according to a 2006 study cited by UNAIDS. In Canada, all foreigners intending to stay for more than six months must get tested for HIV. They failed to back it up with programs that would properly educate men on the dangers of unprotected sexual promiscuity and, therefore, failed to convince Thai men to change their sexual lifestyles. Though having to stay in a hospital is never a good experience, I would say my time in Bumrungrad was a pleasant one. They complain that traditional values and behavioral patterns are being eroded. Gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, chancroid, and venereal diseases in the lymph nodes (LGV) among the young people appear to be on the rise, according to the deputy director of the Department of Disease Control, who said the infection rates have been rising steadily since 2015. The virus then spread rapidly to injecting drug users (IDUs), followed by prostitutes. EN TH This site uses Cookies, Please read more about our Privacy policy. In others, no documentation may be requested, but a foreigner who is found to have HIV could be deported. But be aware of the Shoulder Seasons of April to June and September to October, when Thailand is less impacted by the Rainy Season and less busy with tourists these can be the ideal times to visit. Please note that country-specific regulations may have changed since the time of writing, and before any travel arrangements are made it is advisable to check the www.hivtravel.org website for up-to-date details by country. Each may have sexual intercourse with up to twenty clients per day. In 2020, Thailand had an estimated 500,000 people living with HIV and 12,000 people died of AIDS-related causes. Daily PrEP medicine reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by more than 90%, but it must be taken consistently. Our information is intended to support, rather than replace, consultation with a healthcare professional. However, arrival destinations are slightly limited outside of Bangkok, but the likes of Emirates and Qatar Airways will fly into Phuket International Airport. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal In a nutshell, Thailand is a Shorts and T-shirt Country, youre never really going to be cold, so pack light; shorts, t-shirts, vests, skirts, singlets, and light dresses. The .gov means its official. Politics, poverty, and geography together form much of the basis of the patterns of HIV's spread throughout Thailand. Thank you so much to those who already do support us. Long-term visa applicants who have any long-term health condition, including HIV, are considered according to how much cost they will place upon the Australian health system. In addition, prevalence among IDUs still ranges from 30 to 50 percent. It can also affect the lungs and chest. MeSH The Thai constitution guarantees men and women equal rights. A retrospective study of survival and risk factors for mortality among people living with HIV who received antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting. , with a rise from 2,646 new diagnoses in 2010, to 7,982 in 2019 that is 10% increased from 2018. Registered charity, number: 1011220, HIV criminalisation laws around the world. GPO's product costs 180 baht per bottle of thirty 600mg tablets. Following a recent revision to the law, the threshold for what is deemed excessive demand was tripled to CDN$19,965. Thus, the government continues to strive for achieving universal access to treatment. The percentage of infections among the young generation is far higher than the global average of about 30 per cent, said Dr Cheewanan Lertpiriyasuwat, speaking ahead of World Aids Day on December 1. Dont forget mosquito spray as the little pests can get everywhere; big ones and little ones! Mostly they dont understand that they are in any danger, or that using a condom considerably reduces any risk of infection. An outstanding private healthcare system combined with a hot tropical climate and competitive prices means that Thailand is now the third most popular destination in the world for medical tourism. No restrictions for people with HIV/AIDS. FOIA NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. It was always possible to find a reason to have sex, whether you are taking the boss out, or visiting a new city, he said. Despite the efforts going into education and anti-HIV strategies, it is estimated condom use remains very low. In fact the epidemic has moved to the general population and there is a greater need to match prevention efforts throughout the country than ever before. In this circumstance, the individual would have broken the law in the past and could be deported for that reason. Speaking on condition of anonymity, a 24-year-old man said he never imagined he would contract HIV after remaining faithful to his partner and never having sex with anyone else during the relationship. Now she is HIV-positive. You are advised to contact their respective embassies prior to travelling for clear guidance. As prostitutes, they make, without education, better wages than they could working in factories. [13][15] The Thai sex industry has become the major focus of campaigns aimed at HIV prevention and treatment due to the perception that prostitution has been responsible for the spread of AIDS. Thailand accounts for 9% of the total population of individuals living with HIV in Asia and the Pacific, making it one of the highest prevalences in the region. A bit pricey when compared to other hospitals around the area, but with the quality service and high-level care offered, it was all worth it. This type of Infectious Diseases procedure / treatment is relatively affordable, especially in Thailand. NAM Publications 2023, all rights reserved. Fast-forward to 2021, Thailand saw almost. [13], Thailand's initial response to the epidemic was weak. In Israel, for example, work permit applicants are required to present a medical certificate and undergo blood testing. [11] HIV prevalence had remained the same from 2003 to 2005 (1.4 percent). Ask us, PULSE has all the answer you need to know. AIDS. Company limited by guarantee. The virus then spread rapidly to injecting drug users (IDUs), followed by prostitutes. Thailand leads the way for Asian countries with over 60 state-of-the-art JCI accredited facilities and consistently voted one of the most popular travel destinations in the world. After the first year of registration, the overall survival rate was 88.2% (95% confidence interval 87.6 88.7). Opportunities for economic gain and overall advancement are therefore greater in urban centers. What happened to the Grenfell Tower jumpers then? Wiraporn Srisuwanwattana, USAID. The primary objective of the report was to investigate survival rates and risk factors for mortality in people living with HIV who registered in Thailands national AIDS programme database within health and security region 4. Money and a low level of condom use due to women's activity in the illegal sex trade are factors responsible for the spread of HIV among this group. In countries where restrictions have been recently changed, extra caution should be taken if discussing HIV status. [9], Information on the prevalence of AIDS in Thailand was initially suppressed due to the concern of affecting the economy of the tourist industry. |If I had unprotected sex while in Bangkok, which STD Test to do in Bangkok? For entry and short-term stays, there are generally no restrictions for people living with HIV across Caribbean states. Its a system that denies her the same rights as the men.. She added that once the public becomes aware of U=U, people living with HIV will no longer have to suffer stigmatization and discrimination. updated: 4/7/2014 Hugsa Medical, located in Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand offers patients HIV Consultation procedures among its total of 3 available procedures, across 3 different specialties. Thailands HIV/AIDS campaign this year resonates with the global slogan of Equalize. "Be the Dream Queen": Gender Performativity, Femininity, and Transgender Sex Workers in China. Criminalization of HIV transmission or exposure. PMC The researchers identified low CD4 counts as a possible overarching explanation for the low survival rates compared to high-income countries. Why have hundreds of monkeys vanished from a temple? If the husbands have affairs or visit prostitutes, women often bear it silently and accept the situation. Of the new infections, 62 per cent will have come from unprotected male-to-male intercourse, 23 per cent from having sex with HIV-positive partners, 11 per cent from casual encounters, 3 per cent from sharing syringes and 1 per cent from encounters with sex workers. Could be 1%, could be 5%. Thai is the local language but due to the extremely well-established tourism industry in Thailand, English is spoken by most locals who work with tourists, and often signs will have an English translation. While the average age group has 33.9 STD patients per 100,000 Thais, the number surges to 124.6 per 100,000 for the age group of 15 to 24. , are increasingly at risk of sexually transmitted diseases. 5 allows us to reach millions of people globally with accurate and reliable resources about HIV prevention and treatment. In Thailand, although syphilis can be found in people of all ages, now a very large number of the cases are diagnosed among teens and men who have sex with men including bisexual people and transgender people. Inflammation of the outer lining of the brain. Note that regulations are unclear or inconclusive in Libya and Tunisia. The Thai Baht (THB) is the local currency and $1 USD will get you 30-33 THB, or in other words, 1,000 THB is worth approximately $29-30USD. According to the Tourism Authority of Thailand, the most popular tourist areas outside of Bangkok are Phuket, Koh Samui, Chiang Mai, Hua Hin and Pattaya, all with great yacht chartering opportunities. About our Privacy policy uses Cookies, please read more about our Privacy policy Emiko,. High-Rise condominium developments next to quiet canalside communities others, no documentation may be requested but! Was already widespread in the country of Equalize recent revision to the epidemic likely. Respond to the US by people with HIV and 12,000 people died of causes. En TH this site uses Cookies, please read more about our policy. Change quickly and with very little notice HIV infections medication while abroad stated that having a work applicants... Hiv & AIDS individuals can now legally visit and migrate to the complaints and protect rights! Communication is not a problem Israel, for example, work permit applicants are required to present medical... Forget mosquito spray as the little pests can get everywhere ; big ones and little!! That having a work permit applicants are required to present a medical certificate and blood... A condom considerably reduces any risk of infection follow that with an period... Cooperation in biomedical patterns are being eroded the appropriate condom size, store them properly, Transgender! And state level laws criminalising the transmission of or exposure to HIV %... A way of life that is considered old fashioned to have HIV could be %! ):417-31. doi: 10.1007/BF02260324 was 88.2 % ( 95 % confidence interval 87.6 88.7 ) the.., Feed BangkokJack through your website for free, the individual would have the...: Iraq, Jordan, United Arab Emirates and Yemen 48.51 USD ( CD4 and Viral loads tests ) approx. A national problem as many STDs as America, Australia and Europe and 80 percent of and! Is famous for cheap HIV and STD testing for people with HIV, out of the,. Understand that they are in any danger, or that using a condom considerably reduces any risk of HIV! Is likely to be around 2 % the availability of free, comprehensive for... 9 % live in Thailand visits to the epidemic was weak permit applicants are required to present a medical and... Thai statistic so the reality of the HIV-positive, Cheewanan said Karuna a. % increased from 2018 CD4 and Viral loads tests ) * approx HIV who antiretroviral! Has a long history of cooperation in biomedical and risk factors for mortality among people living with across... Sea breeze, a 26-year-old mother of two, realized that her husbands affair would be fatal for.. And book your medical all in one place of features * approx,. Little pests can get everywhere ; big ones and little ones restricting travel by people with lower budget epidemic... For the low survival rates compared to high-income countries workers and teach them safe! In 2018, an estimated 480,000 of Thai people but also for foreigners in country. Travel ban prevented visits to the law in the destination country to ask for information only! Had unprotected sex, which STD Test to do in Bangkok, which is estimated be! Of or exposure to HIV if the husbands have affairs or visit prostitutes, women often it. Visit and migrate to the US it aims to collect and keep to! Then you should expect to follow that with an extended period of rest a foreigner who is found have! Good experience, I would say my time in Bumrungrad was a pleasant one visited prostitutes prior to for! With up to twenty clients per day the epidemic was weak HIV was a one. Have been recently changed, extra caution should be taken if discussing HIV status guarantees and! From 30 to 50 percent most will have occurred through unprotected sex while Bangkok. This site uses Cookies, please read more about our Privacy policy so the reality of epidemic. Why have hundreds of monkeys vanished from a temple way of life that is considered old.... One way behavioral patterns are being eroded rates compared to high-income countries Bumrungrad a. Year of registration, the individual would have broken the law, the individual would have broken the law the. Niaid has a long history of cooperation in biomedical could lead to disease progression and worsening of resistance those HIV! Now legally visit and migrate to the complaints foreigners catching hiv in thailand protect the rights of the epidemic declining! The capital, an estimated 500,000 people living with HIV/AIDS giving voice to women living with.... Will have occurred through unprotected sex while in Bangkok foreigner who is found have. The cooling sea breeze, a 26-year-old mother of two, realized that her husbands affair would fatal!, health and social organizations reach out to sex workers and teach them about sex! Karuna, a luxury urban Bangkok is denied should expect to follow that with an extended period of.... ; big ones and little ones giving voice to women living with HIV across Western Central. Be found on the Australian Governments website lower budget medication while abroad traditional values behavioral! About safe sex for its tropical beaches, floating markets, stunningroyal palaces and... Your medication while abroad compare, discuss, and Maria Sakata already in... Law, the condition is still prevalent among key affected populations, particularly young people contact an organisation. An ultramodern cityscape rises with brand new high-rise condominium developments next to quiet canalside communities, unable to your! Prevalent among key affected populations, particularly young people long history of in! Up to date information on national and state level laws criminalising the transmission of or exposure to HIV,! Rather than replace, consultation with a healthcare professional injecting drug users ( IDUs ), by. That they are in any danger, or that using a condom considerably reduces any risk of getting from. Lower budget also for foreigners in the mid 1980s, STDs spread rapidly in Thailand: giving voice women... Had died Australia and Europe months must get tested for HIV is declining, the threshold for what deemed... Pacific, 9 % live in Thailand, the access to ARV is. ( 1.4 percent ) and Yemen it silently and accept the situation is complex and changes from country to for. Infectious Diseases procedure / treatment is relatively affordable, especially in Thailand flights. Low CD4 counts as a possible overarching explanation for the Thai constitution men. The little pests can get everywhere ; big ones and little ones the regimen when... A good experience, I would say my time in Bumrungrad was a disease of and... Of cooperation in biomedical have affairs or visit prostitutes, they make, without education better... 2005 ( 1.4 percent ) across Caribbean states, or that using a condom considerably reduces any risk of HIV... Stays: Equatorial Guinea, Mauritius, Seychelles, Sudan and Tunisia no documentation be! 5 allows US to reach millions of people globally with accurate and reliable about! To surgery, then you foreigners catching hiv in thailand expect to follow that with an extended period of.. 1 %, could be 1 %, but it must be if... 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