She was appointed abbess, and governed her community with wisdom and motherly love. We can ascertain that she was not undeserving of her renown as a highly cultivated person. When Saint Catherine of Bologna was 17 years old, she obtained the consent of her mother--her father having already died--to join a pious company of young women in Ferrara who led a religious life but had not yet adopted a definite rule. Co-Author: Penny Lord| During the Lenten season of 1463, Catherine became seriously ill, and on March 9th she passed away. She then spoke her last words to her spiritual daughters and gave them the book The Seven Spiritual Weapons, which until then had not been divulged. The patron saint of artists and against temptations, Catherine de' Vigri was venerated for nearly three centuries in her native Bologna before being formally canonized in 1712 by Pope Clement XI. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); http://www.robertsimon.com/works_html/fontana.html, http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j103sdCatherineAlexandria11-25.htm, http://www.edocere.org/articles/st_catharine_alexandria.htm, http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/prospero-fontana/, http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/fontana_prospero.html, http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Catherine%20of%20Alexandria.html. Prospero Fontana was an Italian Mannerist Painter who lived from 1512 to 1597. [16] Recently one scholar has tried to question certain attributions. She was exhumed 18 days later after visitors noticed a sweet smell coming from her grave and some experienced miracles. If He encounters no obstacles on our part, the heavenly Father will transform and sanctify us, making our spirit shine with His, the ultimate end of our existence. - King Fernando III! Catherine's best-known text is Seven Spiritual Weapons Necessary for Spiritual Warfare[8] which she appears to have first written in 1438 and then rewritten and augmented between 1450 and 1456. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Catherine-of-Bologna, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of St. Catherine of Bologna. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. From Rome she sent out letters and exhortations to gain support for Urban; as one of her last efforts, she tried to win back Queen Joan I of Naples to obedience to Urban, who had excommunicated the queen for supporting the antipope Clement VII. In 1456, Catherine returned to Bologna with her superiors and the governors there requested she found a second monastery of the same Order and be the Abbess of the convent. [14] The breviary and its images surely served a didactic function within the convent community. In the end, the philosophers came to the realization that there really was only one true God, but they were killed because of their decision to follow Christ. The Sette Armi Spirituali became an important part of the campaign for her canonization. Canonized: May 22, 1712. WebFrom Visionaries, Mystics and Stigmatists Perhaps, one of the greatest Miracles is the in-corrupt body of our Saint, seated on a regal throne in a Chapel to the left of the main altar in the Church of Corpus Domini in Bologna. So, it was decided that she should be exhumed. St Catherine's body has remained incorrupt and retains its quality of flexibility like that of a living body. The body of St Catherine was found to be incorrupt. Omissions? However, a problem arose: the place where the body was to be laid proved too small for the purpose. All materials contained on this site, whether written, audible or visual are the exclusive property of Catholic Online and are protected under U.S. and International copyright laws, Copyright 2022 Catholic Online. It was later translated in French and Italian, thus helping to spread late-medieval vernacular mysticism in the early modern period. WebOf noble birth, Catherine was educated at the Este court at Ferrara and entered the order in 1432. She first join a local order of lay women who followed the Franciscan rules and later become part of the Poor Clares, a religious order founded by St. Clare and St. Francis of Assisi to allow nuns to lead a contemplative lifestyle. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Saint remained in prayer for some time, after which he lay down and went into a deep sleep. Change). A contemporary Poor Clare, Sister Illuminata Bembo, wrote her biography in 1469. She was exhumed 18 days later after visitors noticed a sweet smell coming from her grave and some experienced miracles. The women were divided over whether instead to adhere to the Franciscan rule, which eventually happened. Catherine appeared among them as a mirror of all the virtues, but meanwhile she was also being subjected to very severe temptations of the evil spirit. Entries can include saints known for their artistic talents or other favorite saints. However, the religious, thinking of the regrettable consequences that this would have for the precious relic, asked permission to exhume the body of the abbess on the eighteenth day and deposit it in a vault. Date: 1551 If you donate just $5.00, or whatever you can, Catholic Online could keep thriving for years. That means it has not decayed. His actions would lay the foundations of a Kingdom for Christ that would eventually reach around the world and spread the Catholic faith to millions of souls. Soon numerous miracles began to take place. WebCatherine was to be canonized by Pope Clement XI on 22 May 1712. read more . Soon, the women decided to join an order of nuns called the Poor Clares. Casting off comfortable courtly life with ready love and obedience, Catherine found great joy in performing humble duties of daily laundry and the baking of convent bread. Excerpted from Christ Our Life, by Sisters of Notre Dame of Chardon, Ohio. Does the Bible Have Anything to do with My Life? Catherine tried, indeed, to be excused, explaining that she was entirely incapable of this task; but she was compelled by obedience to accept it. Here, Saint Catherine of Bologna learned the foreign languages, especially Latin, painting, and everything that belongs to the culture of a young woman of high rank. Kings, clergy and common people have knelt before her, filled with wonder at being able to venerate her up close. In the beginning, after they realized they could not place her body in the grave, four nuns would carry Saint Catherine's body to the parlor on a wooden stretcher, every time visitors came to view the body, or the faithful wanted to venerate the Saint. Yet in all these situations she was always holding the Lord's hand, she did not leave him, she did not abandon him. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. She was a model of piety and reported experiencing miracles and several visions of Christ, the Virgin Mary, Thomas Becket, and Joseph, as well as future events, such as the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Defenders of Christendom Battles - Honor - Miracles! Intelligent and vivacious, from an early age she was admired by those around her for the generosity and firmness with which she attached herself to the things of Heaven rather than those of the world. [1] She was raised at Niccolo III's court as a lady-in-waiting to his wife Parisina Malatesta (d. 1425) and became lifelong friends with his natural daughter Margherita d'Este (d. Our Saint wanted to be where all the people of God could venerate her easily, and so she appeared to one of the nuns of the Monastery of Corpus Domini and told her she wanted a Chapel built close to the outer church. Coming to herself from this rapture, Catherine regained her vitality. Of noble birth, Catherine was educated at the Este court at Ferrara and entered the order in 1432. On March 9, at about two oclock in the afternoon, she asked that a priest be called to hear her Confession and give her Viaticum and Extreme Unction. Her most remarkable vision was on Christmas Eve, when she claimed that Mary appeared to her with baby Jesus, and that Mary even let Catherine hold him. Miraculous cures began to occur at St Catherines gravesite, as even the incurable were instantly healed. As reported by Loyola Press, Pope Benedict was particularly fond of this quiet saint: To visit the remains of St. Catherine of Bologna, enter the church of Corpus Domini (Via Tagliapietre, 21) and look for a small wooden door on the left. Your gift is tax-deductible as allowed by law. Her incorrupt body is preserved in the city of Bologna, in the chapel of the monastery of Corpus Domini. During that first period in Ferrara, she received many mystical graces, but she also had to endure many spiritual trials. Her skin has since been blackened due to exposure from oil lamps and soot. Her body was found to be flexible and uncorrupted. The silk veil which covered the saint was bathed in sweat, which gave off the sweet odor. Want to see fewer ads on Aleteia? Tradition tells us that the white mark which remained on St. Catherines incorrupt body indicates the exact spot where Jesus affectionately kissed her. [12] She meditated while she copied the scriptural text, adding about 1000 prayer rubrics, and drew initials with bust-portraits of saints, paying special attention to images of Clare and Francis. The virginal lips of the nun touched the face of the Child, who, in response to the love of his spouse, also gave her a kiss. [17], A drawing of a Man of Sorrows or Resurrected Christ found in a miscellany of lauds (Ms. 35 no.4, Archivio Generale Arcivescovile, Bologna) has also been attributed to her. And how is it that she has remained seated there for so many years? She wrote a number of religious treatises, lauds, sermons, and copied and illustrated her own breviary (see below). Her skin is still normal, except that it has become darkened by the oil lamps and candles which have burned about over the centuries. It, therefore, played an important role in the dissemination of late medieval vernacular mysticism in the early modern period. In one instance, she had the baby Jesus placed in her arms by the Blessed Virgin Mary. It's FREE! Her father was an important government official who worked for the Marquis of Ferrara, a member of the royal family. Return to Franciscan Calendar Page Return to Incorruptible Saints Page Return to Saints Page Return to Roman Catholic Saints Homepage It was later translated in French and Italian, thus helping to spread late-medieval vernacular mysticism in the early modern period. Saint Angela of Foligno's feast day is February 28. In memory of this fact, to this day the people of Bologna observe the custom of reciting a thousand Hail Marys on Christmas Eve. She was a model of piety and reported experiencing miracles and several visions of Christ, the Virgin Mary, Thomas Becket, and Joseph, as well as future events, such as the fall of Constantinople in 1453. When the rebellious city of Florence was placed under an interdict by Pope Gregory XI (1376), Catherine determined to take public action for peace within the church and Italy and to encourage a Crusade against the Muslims. WebSaint Catherine of Bologna was charged with the duties of the bakery; she cheerfully undertook this laborious service, and even when the heat began to affect her eyes, she remained at her post as long as the abbess required it. , now held at Venices Galleria dellAccademia, particular stands out, as well as her own illuminated manuscript which was used by Pope Pius IX and is now preserved in Oxford, England. [2]make amends, restitution [3]a substance emanating from tar - used for waterproofing and covering roofs [4]refer to chapter on St. Catherine of Genoa. Location: Capitoline Museum, Rome Artist: Prospero Fontana Bob Lord| She and Margaret were educated together by a private tutor. St. Catherine was convinced that the moment of her departure from this world was at hand, but her spiritual daughters, although resigned to the divine plan, redoubled their prayers and supplications asking Heaven to leave her a little longer among them. We hope reading about her that you will turn to her and get to know her with your head and heart, as we have. After five years, this group disbanded, but Catherine and some of her companions formed a new group, ruled by the spirituality of St. Francis of Assisi. Saint Catherine was particularly tactful in preserving peace within herself and peace among the members of her community. Pope Benedict described this humble saint as, "From the distance of so many centuries she is still very modern and speaks to our lives. Pomata, Gianna. Federal Tax Identification Number: 81-0596847. WebThe Deliverance of St. Peter; The Healing of the Lame Man; The Dispute of St. Catherine; Miracle of the Black Sea; John Shipley. masculine, Catholic character! When she was 11, Catherine was invited to live in the palace to be a companion to the marquis daughter, Margaret. Past the door lie the incredibly well-preserved remains of the Patroness of the Arts. WebSt. As was the custom of the Poor Clares, she was buried without a coffin. He condemned Catherine to death on a spiked wheel, but when the wheel miraculously broke, he ordered her to be beheaded. In 1456 she founded in Bologna a convent of Poor Clares, serving as abbess until her death. It is necessary to overcome the one snare as well as the other." On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. There, she served as an abbess until. She endeavored, above all, to impress on their young hearts that they should desire nothing but the honor of God and the fulfillment of His holy will, and so she recommended that they look upon the holy rule and obedience to their superiors as their guides. http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j103sdCatherineAlexandria11-25.htm WebSt. For a long time she herself was troubled with the temptation to sleep during the spiritual exercises. Saint Catherine of Bologna spent most of her life as a cloistered nun in the convent of the Poor Clares of Bologna, in northern Italy. She painted pictures of Jesus, Mary, and the saints. Her body, which had been the temple of so chaste and immaculately pure a soul, diffused a sweet odor that could be noticed throughout the region. But near the city centre, one is sure to come upon a tiny and charming chapel, where the abbess of the Corpus Domini Monastery has sat for over five centuries. Her body, as she had asked in the prayer, was carried away by angels and buried on Mount Sinai so that she might rest where God had written on stone His law. Her condition was so serious that it was feared that the new superior would die before she could take up her post. Connecting to Blest Are We Parish and School At his request she went to Florence (1378) and was there during the Ciompi Revolt in June. Catherine, then 14, joined a group of Franciscan tertiaries in Ferrara who later adopted the Rule of St. Clare. The route from Ferrara to Bologna at that time was by waterway. Updates? While they were unable to account for this, Catherine, knowing the source of all good from whom this miraculous event proceeded, began to give out the wine openly and unstintingly to all the poor people she knew, but even then the cask showed no signs of drying up or the wine of losing its flavor. Catherine excelled in painting, Latin and the viola. In 1550, Pope Julius III brought Fontana and several other artists to Rome to work for him. During this time, her convent disagreed in whether to continue following the Augustinian rule or to instead adhere to the Franciscan rule. Her most famous work is probably the Seven Spiritual Weapons Necessary for Spiritual Warfare, written in 1438 and continuously re-drafted until her death in 1463. Catherine came from an upper-class family, the daughter of Benvenuta Mammolini of Bologna and Giovanni Vigri, a Ferrarese notary who worked for Niccol III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara. Catherine is dressed in her religious habit seated upright on a golden throne behind glass in the chapel of the Poor Clares in Bologna. In another version of the painting, right before St. Catherine was to be beheaded, we see a devout woman kneeling before God with her hands in the position of one who is praying. WebThe grievous and persistent temptations which in the early days of her religious life had tried her patience, humility, and faith, especially the latter virtue, gave place in later years to the most abundant spiritual consolation, and enjoyment of the heights of contemplation. "Sometimes," she said, "he inspires souls with an inordinate zeal for a certain virtue or some special pious exercise, so that they will be motivated in its practice by passion; or again, he permits them to become discouraged so that they will neglect everything because they are wearied and disgusted. Expert WebThe grievous and persistent temptations which in the early days of her religious life had tried her patience, humility, and faith, especially the latter virtue, gave place in later years to the most abundant spiritual consolation, and enjoyment of the heights of contemplation. For more information about Visionaries, Mystics and Stigmatists like Saint Catherine of Bologna go to: http://www.bobandpennylord.com/vms.htm, Article Source: They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The superior of the time did not think twice and ordered St. Catherine to assume a sitting position, a command which the corpse obeyed without hesitation. Today, her fully preserved remains dating to more than 500 hundred years ago are still preserved inside the beautiful Corpus Domini church of Bologna, also known as, During this time she also authored a number of religious treatises and sermons and crafted her own illuminated breviary. WebSt. Kindly regard this people and give them the knowledge of the truth. She rapidly gained a wide reputation for her holiness and her severe asceticism. Catherine was buried in a simple fashion according to the Poor Clares tradition. She so calmly spoke these words right before her death, Lord Jesus Christ, my God, I thank Thee for having firmly set my feet on the rock of the Faith and directed my steps on the pathway of salvation. *from: The Franciscan Book of Saints, ed. It appears as if you had not yet learnt to be a true servant of Christ.". Learn about this Italian saint, whose feast is March 9. Born in Bologna on September 8, 1413, Catherine was the daughter of Giovanni dVigri, a noble gentleman of the Ferrara court, and Benvenuta Mammolini. She felt forsaken by God, she found herself in the darkness of faith. Catherine of Bologna is the patron saint of artists. She explained that although it took precious time, the purpose of her religious art was "to increase devotion for herself and others".[18]. Corrections? This book is filled with amazing stories of little-knownCatholic heroes presenting spectacles of bravery andvalor never exceeded in all the annals of history.Demonstrating hisgallantry through daring featsof arms, the knight's faith,coupled with his marvelouscourage, made him nearlyinvincible on the fieldof battle. Catherine became known as a miracle worker after her death in 1463. In 1456 she founded in Bologna a convent of Poor Clares, serving as abbess until her death. 123 Articles, By 1478). We can surely follow her example of what it means to live a godly life. At midnight, Our Lady appeared to her, holding the Child Jesus close to her breast. "Malpighi and the holy body: medical experts and miraculous evidence in seventeenth-century Italy", This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 20:17. Saint Catherine was beatified in 1524 by Pope Clement VII and canonized on May 22, 1712 by Pope Clement XI. During this time she suffered a spiritual crisis, but she had a vision of the Real Presence in the Eucharist that brought her consolation. The process for her Canonization was started in 1669 and was solemnly concluded on Trinity Sunday, the 22nd of May, 1712 when Pope Clement IX proclaimed to the whole world, to the whole Roman Catholic Church that we had a Saint! She was exhumed 18 days later after visitors noticed a sweet smell coming from her grave and some experienced miracles. Articles like these are sponsored free for every Catholic through the support of generous readers just like you. (LogOut/ Only the face had been damaged by the weight of the earth, but after a short time it miraculously returned to normal. Faberi, Mariafiamma (2013). He revealed to her, moreover, that although the moment had come for her soul to ascend to Heaven, the prayers of her daughters had obtained for her a little more time on earth. 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