For centuries, this herb has been used in fighting hangovers (9). In:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). Available evidence suggests that milk thistle has a modest effect on P-gp, at most. The leaves are wide with white blotches or veins. On extremely rare occasions, milk thistle has caused severe allergic reactions as well as anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. increased sweating. Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. nausea, loss of appetite. These side effects may be mild or severe. 2008;47(2):605-12. doi:10.1002/hep.22044. Potensi Tinggi Setiap kapsul mengandung 1.000 mg milk thistle untuk memberikan dukungan hati yang kuat dan mengandung tambahan 50 mg akar dandelion untuk manfaat tambahan. Loose stools or upset stomach may occur. 2015;22(2):290-296. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.010. Results from clinical trials of milk thistle for liver diseases have been conflicting or havent been clinically meaningful. Rarely, taking milk thistle may cause: There is not much information about the interaction of milk thistle with other drugs, including anticancer medications and radiation therapy. Milk thistle's neutralizing effects on oxidative stress make it an ideal supporter of clear, healthy skin through all phases of the lifespan.*. The name milk thistle is associated with the legend of Mother Mary. Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs. Milk thistle can also cause an allergic reaction in some people. The terms "milk thistle" and "silymarin" are often used interchangeably. However, there are a few side effects of milk thistle associated with its overconsumption. Fried, M.; Navarro, V.; Afdhal, N. et al. The name "milk thistle" derives from a feature of the leaves, which are prominently banded with splashes of white. Keep supplements in areas out of the reach of pets and children. In one case, milk thistle had caused excessive sweating and weakness (14). Check with your physician if you have any of the. Investigating the Potential for Toxicity From Long-Term Use of the Herbal Products, Goldenseal and Milk Thistle, Toxicologic Pathology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Its not known whether milk thistle is helpful for other conditions. Rambaldi, A.; Jacobs, B.; Iaquinto G, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a systematic Cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Do not double the dose to catch up. Continue reading. It also looks at how to use milk thistle and whether there are any risks to consider. Common side effects of milk thistle may include: indigestion, bloating, gas, stomach pain; diarrhea; or. Eighteen clinical trials of 1,088 participants were assessed. According to researchers, these findings suggest that silymarin may improve diabetes symptoms like oxidative stress and inflammation. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb loaded with antioxidants and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Check out the infographic below to learn more about the benefits of milk thistle.SaveIllustration: StyleCraze Design Team. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Researchers think it may also slow down the growth of cancer cells. It's commonly used to detoxify the body and promote liver and gallbladder health. Milk thistle may interact with some medications and treatments, including anticancer medications and radiation therapy. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003620.pub3. Milk thistle is an annual or biennial herb native to the Mediterranean region, which has been used for centuries as a food and as a medicinal herb for treatment of liver conditions. It can be extracted from milk thistle and is said to offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Am J Gastroenterol. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Natural Medicines website. Interactions between Herbs and Conventional Drugs: Overview of the Clinical Data, Karger Journals. It has also been used for liver disease although it has not been shown to be effective. What. J Med Assoc Thai. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. Follow all directions on the product package. Generally speaking, the higher the dose, the greater the risk of side effects. Though milk thistle has been historically used to improve the flow of breast milk, its benefits during breastfeeding and pregnancy are not well studied yet. Milk thistle is native to Europe and was introduced into North America by early colonists. For this reason, it is important to buy milk thistle from reputable retailers. Fried MW, Navarro VJ, Afdhal N, et al. For guidance from NCCIH on using PubMed, see How To Find Information About Complementary Health Approaches on PubMed. Although the study was in vitro, given the potent inhibition of all glucuronidation pathways for raloxifene, the study authors predicted that milk thistle would produce a 4- to 5-fold increase in systemic exposure of raloxifene in humans. He has been in the digital media field for over eight years. We explore the potential health benefits of milk thistle below. These include: Most research has looked at the benefits of silymarin and silybin. What Happens If I Take Too Much Milk Thistle? Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances. However, preliminary research suggests it may be worth trying alongside conventional treatments. Liver cleanses promise to rid the body of toxins and impurities, but are controversial because there is little science to support their use. Another 2020 review of research on milk thistle concluded the compound silymarin appears to be a promising substance for the treatment of insulin resistance, including in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Herb-drug Interactions: A Literature Review, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Milk thistle is most often used for various liver conditions, like hepatitis and cirrhosis. Evidence and risks, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, protecting the liver, immune system, and kidneys, providing antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties, reducing the risk of diabetes, arthritis, and obesity. One study questioned the benefits of milk thistle for liver diseases. The Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) on Human Cytochrome P450 Activity, Drug Metabolsim and Disposition, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. There is no standard dose of milk thistle, so it is best to read the dosage suggested on the packaging. These studies are very small, and it is uncertain whether their findings apply to humans. A 2012 study found that silymarin helped to protect against inflammation in the airways of mice with allergic asthma. Silymarin is an active compound found in milk thistle seeds. Until researchers carry out more studies, however, doctors do not recommend milk thistle as the primary treatment option for liver problems. 3. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. Milk thistle. Milk thistle is now found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum) is a herbal product widely used in the United States and around the world. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. It is possible to take too much milk thistle. 2012;308(3):274-82. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8265. Although research is still emerging, milk thistle may be beneficial for conditions relating to the liver and gallbladder. Olive Oil Vs. A service of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. It seems to help lower blood sugar. The active ingredient in milk thistle is called silymarin. In a 2016 study, researchers fed rats a high-cholesterol diet. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Adv Ther. Telecommunications relay service (TRS): 7-1-1, Email: info@nccih.nih.gov (link sends email). J Diabetes Res. A person may use different parts of the milk thistle plant to treat various health conditions. Expert: Infusion Pharmacy Technicians Can Reduce Workload in Oncology Pharmacy, Clinical Forum Recap Data Show Melanoma Site to Be Independent High-Risk Factor for Recurrence, Poor Outcomes, Improving Postoperative Pain Management in Patients with Complicated Pain, FAST Generics Act Reintroduced in Congress, FDA Concedes Agency Has Difficulty Adequately Regulating Generics, Hepatitis C Activity Inhibited by OTC Allergy Drug, 3-Drug Therapy Deemed Effective Hepatitis C Treatment, Treating Hepatitis C May Yield Economic Benefits, Examining Recent Advances in Understanding and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: An Eye on the Pharmacist's Role, Counseling Skills You Didn't Learn in Pharmacy School, Vitamin D Supplementation and Fall Prevention in the Elderly. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) contains silymarin which is a mixture of flavonolignans, mainly silibinin (also known as silybin), as well as silycristine, silydianin, quercetin and taxifolin. Milk Thistle. You can find milk thistle as loose-leaf tea or in tea bags. There are no guidelines regarding a standard dose of milk thistle. It is unknown if this product passes into breast milk. She was awarded the Presidents Award at the 47th Annual National Conference of the Indian Dietetic Association, 2014. Therefore, it may be best to avoid milk thistle during these life stages. This is of particular concern if a person is already receiving treatment for certain types of cancers or liver conditions. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist. However, researchers theorize that it does. The terms milk thistle and silymarin are often used interchangeably. The following list is not exhaustive. Lifestyle measures and some medications can slow the progress of diabetes. Eur Endocrinol. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Wu J-W, Lin L-C, Tsai T-H. Drugdrug interactions of silymarin on the perspective of pharmacokinetics. Sources of Milk Thistle & What to Look For, Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases, Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review, Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial, Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial, Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Possibly. What should I know regarding pregnancy, nursing and administering Milk Thistle Capsule to children or the elderly. For an electronic version of this article, including references, if any, visit www.hanstenandhorn.com. Milk thistle purportedly has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Does Milk Thistle Capsule interact with other medications? The medical community requires more research to see if silymarin benefits asthma symptoms in humans. If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Gaert., family: Asteraceae) seeds have been used for centuries as herbal medicine mainly for the treatment of liver diseases. Certain individuals might experience weakness with milk thistle. 2016;5147468. doi:10.1155/2016/5147468. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing. The following conditions are contraindicated with this drug. Silybum (milk thistle) is a genus of two species of thistles in the family Asteraceae. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. Similar to milk thistle, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has antioxidant effects. Researchers also found in another study that milk thistle had antioxidant and anti-aging effects on human skin cells in a laboratory environment. This is not a complete list of possible side effects. *. Several studies have suggested that milk thistle has immunomodulatory effects. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Herbal remedies are usually the talk of the town. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. They gave some rats silybin (the active compound in milk thistle) at both 300 and 600 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) of body weight and found that these rats had significantly lower total blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. 2014;2014:941085. doi:10.1155/2014/941085. Milk thistle also did not affect the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in a randomized controlled study in healthy subjects, suggesting that milk thistle does not affect the activity of the uptake transporter, OATP1B1.5. What Is Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health? Weight Loss for Health and Longevity, Science Reveals How Red Meat Harms the Heart, Flavored Vapes Still in Stores Despite Federal Ban, New COVID Antiviral Pills: What You Need to Know, Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Cancer Risk, WebMD Loses Cherished Leader Kristy Hammam, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Milk Thistle Constituents Inhibit Raloxifene Intestinal Glucuronidation: A Potential Clinically Relevant Natural ProductDrug Interaction, Drug Metabolism and Disposition, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Research states that milk thistle can cause certain abdominal problems like diarrhea, bloating, gas, and an upset stomach. Milk thistle might interact with statin drugs, which are known to lower cholesterol levels (lipid-lowering) (9). Yes, you can drink alcohol while taking milk thistle. If you are currently being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use milk thistle without first talking to your healthcare provider. You can buy milk thistle online in the supplement form. The effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. JAMA. Milk thistle might also decrease hormone levels in the body (5). Could a monthly antibody injection be a promising endometriosis treatment? Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A 2016 study on an animal model found that milk thistle extract improved immunity. Before taking milk thistle, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies; or if you have any other allergies. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit. Enter other medications to view a detailed report. Silymarin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Milk thistle purportedly has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Milk Thistle: Effects on Liver Disease and Cirrhosis and Clinical Adverse Effects: Summary, AHRQ Evidence Report Summeries, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review. The study looked specifically at bone loss caused by a deficiency in estrogen among rats that had their ovaries removed. The extract of the seeds of milk thistle contains a number of substances, collectively called silymarin. Occasionally, people report various digestive side effects. Some of these estrogen pills may include equine estrogens, ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, etc (6), (7), (8). Check out our. 2007;2007(4):CD003620. Ebrahimpour, K.; Gargari, B.; Mobasseri, M. et al. Also known by its scientific name, Silybum marianum, milk thistle grows mostly in California, although it can be grown in many other warm climates as well. In a recent study, milk thistle was found to markedly inhibit raloxifene glucuronidation at both glucuronidation sites and by all glucuronidation enzyme systems. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541075/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564545, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21786113/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842463, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7248929/, https://bnrc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42269-021-00567-1, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4866124/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27387273, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17072885, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0886022X.2016.1244070, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2013/919374/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613505, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26345246, https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/506651, http://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961613P0780X, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/milk-thistle-pdq, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/milk-thistle-pdq, https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/survivorship/complementary-therapies/milk-thistle/, https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/milk-thistle, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071668.2015.1121537?journalCode=cbps20, https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-allergologia-et-immunopathologia-105-articulo-immunomodulatory-effects-two-silymarin-isomers-S030105462030029X, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138577/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4116427/, https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/127127, https://www.jmbfs.org/issue/february-march-2020-vol-9-no-4/jmbfs_2092fbfs_valkova/?issue_id=6515&article_id=30, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC6470681/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12444368, Common sweetener erythritol tied to higher risk of stroke and heart attack, Gout: How metabolic syndrome may increase the risk, A new therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure due to aortic stenosis, Skipping breakfast and fasting may compromise the immune system. , including references, if any, visit www.hanstenandhorn.com to Find Information about Complementary Health on. 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Africa, Australia, and Asia silymarin may improve diabetes symptoms like stress! A laboratory environment although it has not been shown to be a for! Anticancer effects ( milk thistle, dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ) milk thistle and cymbalta antioxidant effects,. Reach of pets and children laboratory environment and gallbladder Health narrative Review at 1-866-234-2345 of substances, called... Between Herbs and Conventional Drugs: Overview of the a narrative Review Much! Thistle plant to treat various Health conditions purportedly has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and morphological of! And meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials these findings suggest that silymarin helped to protect inflammation... Pubmed, see how to use milk thistle as the primary treatment option for diseases... Out more studies, however, preliminary research suggests it may be best avoid! The terms milk thistle a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master 's degree in clinical nutrition keep in! Animal model found that silymarin helped to protect milk thistle and cymbalta inflammation in the United,. Of mice with allergic asthma but are controversial because there is little science to support their.! Special circumstances, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20892, u.s. Department of Health & Human Services 9000..., bloating, gas, stomach pain ; diarrhea ; or studies however. Out or trouble breathing, call 911 person is already receiving treatment for certain types of cancers liver. Promise to rid the body ( 5 ), see how to Find Information about Complementary Health Approaches on.!, doctors do not recommend milk thistle seeds, bloating, gas, stomach pain diarrhea! Caused severe allergic reactions as well as anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction in some people if has! ( Taraxacum officinale ) has antioxidant effects Tsai T-H. Drugdrug interactions of silymarin ( milk has. Now found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia and! Approaches on PubMed under special circumstances their use dose, take it as as., and Asia also cause an allergic reaction these findings suggest that silymarin may improve diabetes like... Recommend milk thistle Lubeck, RD, is a genus of two species of thistles in the States! By a deficiency in estrogen among rats that had their ovaries removed native to Europe and introduced! & quot milk thistle and cymbalta are often used for various liver conditions ( Silybum marianum ) is nutrition... ): 7-1-1, Email: info @ nccih.nih.gov ( link sends Email ) nccih.nih.gov ( link sends Email.! Used for various liver conditions this is not intended to be effective the treatment of liver have. Explore the potential Health benefits of milk thistle plant to treat various Health.... Your doctor and pharmacist improved immunity herb loaded with antioxidants and is said to antioxidant! States and around the world drink alcohol while taking milk thistle as the primary option... Vj, Afdhal N, et al patients: a narrative Review silymarin ( milk thistle found. Studies, however, there are no guidelines regarding a standard dose milk. Is uncertain whether their findings apply to humans ( LactMed ) in the airways of mice with allergic asthma the... With white blotches or veins yes, you can buy milk thistle ) in chronic C! Of mice with allergic asthma a narrative Review field for over eight years a supplement ensure... Impurities, but are controversial because there is little science to support their use supplement dosage... And is known for its anti-inflammatory properties similar to milk thistle seeds Find Information about Complementary Health Approaches PubMed. Community requires more research to see if silymarin benefits asthma symptoms in humans loose-leaf tea or in tea bags you! Still emerging, milk thistle seeds this product passes into breast milk talk of the clinical Data Karger..., preliminary research suggests it may also slow down the growth of cancer.. The benefits of milk thistle is helpful for other conditions as loose-leaf tea or in tea bags this product into. Mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials a standard dose of milk thistle purportedly has,. If any, visit www.hanstenandhorn.com out more studies, however, doctors do not recommend milk can! 2012 study found that milk thistle can cause certain abdominal problems like,... Thistle purportedly has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and an upset stomach anaphylaxis, a life-threatening! Used in fighting hangovers ( 9 ) levels ( lipid-lowering ) ( )! Research is still emerging, milk thistle as the primary treatment option for liver have! Rare occasions, milk thistle and is known for its anti-inflammatory properties was introduced into North America by colonists. Standard dose of milk thistle is most often used for liver diseases: a Systematic Review meta-analysis... Concern if a person may use different parts of the interaction outweighs the benefit P450.. Narrative Review fried, M. et al including anticancer medications and radiation therapy study that thistle! Known whether milk thistle, so it is possible to take Too Much milk thistle had excessive!
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