Dexter King, son of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., meeting with James Earl Ray the man who confessed to killing King. The King family started to publicly voice the opinion in 1997. Just before Ray escaped from prison in Tennessee he was visited by his brother. "[10], In August 2015, Brown served five days in the Shelby County Jail after having been held in contempt of court in March 2014. But for veteran crime writer and crusading editor J. Patrick OConnor, the factsor a lack of themdidnt add up. But, having tried to escape from the maximum-security prison, we both had joined a small list of convicts who would be watched at all times by the guards. Some even said Ray was a racist, but he claimed to me that he was never hostile toward anyone. Benny Edmondson thought it was hilarious that William Bradford Huie thought he was "Raoul." In renouncing his guilt, Ray raised the spectre of a conspiracy behind Kings murder but offered scant evidence to support his claim. In the five decades since Martin Luther King Jr.was shot dead by an assassin at age 39, his children have worked tirelessly to preserve his legacy, sometimes with sharply different views on how best to do that, an article in the March 30 Washington Post said. At the Tag Plant I met Jerry Ward Davis, an Oklahoman who'd been shot in 1959 after kidnapping several guards (along with Rollie Laster and Ronnie Westberg) during an attempted escape that involved the use of zip-guns. Also available from Amazon, With the purpose of writing about true crime in an authoritative, fact-based manner, veteran journalists J. J. Maloney and J. Patrick OConnor launched Crime Magazine in November of 1998. ", The Miami police were sufficiently impressed with Milteer's seriousness that the Secret Service was alerted, and an imminent presidential motorcade into the city was canceled. He was a democrat. The cartridge case (Q3) found in the Q2 rifle had been fired James Earl Ray was raised as a catholic and had conservative religious beliefs from his childhood. In a story published based on the test, Playboy claimed that Ray had committed the crime alone. As a former judge here, we have a rule in the 30th Judicial Districtit says every single Magistrate Referee has to be unanimously approved by every Circuit, Chancery, and Criminal Court Judge. Search for the Killer (April 4- June 8, 1968), the Young & Morrow rooming house Examine the rooming house where James Earl Ray stayed on the day of the assassination, the bathroom window documented as the site of the fatal shot, evidence recovered at the scene, and evidence leading to the capture and arrest of James Earl Ray. One thing never mentioned about Ray's time in Jefferson City is the fact he had a nearly exemplary conduct record, with the exception of the two escape attempts. "[20] In the year 1968, Earl Ray brought a Remington Model 760 Gamemaster .30-06-caliber rifle and a box with 20 cartridges. Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book The Strange Case of James Earl Ray was published. 14. The damage to Dr. King's clothing, when tested microscopically I served my six months, got out and was put right back in for using amphetamine. Among the files related to the JFK assassination that were recently released was an FBI research paper dated March 12, 1968, with the subject line Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Current Analysis. The paper was written just a month before the controversial civil-rights activist was shot and killed on April 4, 1968. That description comes closer to Jerry Ray than to James Earl Ray. On April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He shot. Most of my friends were people I'd known in reform school, or people I'd met through them. Dr. Martin . The Q64 bullet was a .30-06 caliber bullet of Remington-Peters manufacture. On January 26, 1976, Time magazine devoted four pages to the King assassination, drawing heavily on material from McMillan's book, which was scheduled for publication later that year: In 1963 and 1964 Martin Luther King was on TV almost every day, talking defiantly about how black people were going to get their rights, insisting that they would accept with nonviolence all the terrible violence that white people were inflicting on them, until the day of victory arrived, until they did overcome. One of Kings sons Dexter had expressed his adamant belief that Ray was not his fathers assassin. He began to call him Martin "Lucifer" King and Martin Luther "Coon." Meanwhile, William Bradford Huie, gathering information for his book, One of the most intriguing aspects of the, John Wayne Gacy Confessed to Killing Dozens (December 22, 1978). Who Was James Earl Ray? . Moreover, Jerry Ray and James Earl Ray are close. He simply hounded you (not that Ray was a coward, or afraid to fight, but he wasn't the type to start the fight). "just to throw the public off. james earl ray political partymr patel neurosurgeon cardiff 27 februari, 2023 . Over the years, as book after book has been published on the King case, numerous conspiracy theories have been advanced: that the FBI was involved; that the CIA feared King would come out in opposition to the Vietnam War; that rival black leaders felt King's non-violent approach was a hindrance to black progress; that white supremacists wanted him out of the way for obvious reasons. A year before, hed escaped from Missouri State Penitentiary while serving a 20-year sentence, and was on the lam at the time King was shot. When, without warning, Ray was allowed to plead guilty and was sentenced to 99 years, without a public trial, millions of people suspected a cover-up. Even though he played an elitist liberal psychiatrist on "Frasier," Kelsey Grammer is a Republican in real life. In June 1977 Ray escaped from Brushy Mountain (Tennessee) Prison and remained at large for 54 hours before being recaptured in a massive manhunt. I went to Memphis to deliver a rifle to this man called Raoul, Ray told me. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This tribunal on a General Sessions Court's authority is insufficient to establish you. Jerry began to follow my lead, and that became a source of friction among me, Laster and Westberg. January 30, 1961. Wardens and guards know that an escape artist is a threat to their livelihood; more guards and wardens have lost their jobs because of escapes than for any other reason. Even after Ray died in 1998 from complications caused by hepatitis C, the family continued to assert there was, as Coretta King said in 1999, overwhelming evidence that identified someone else, not James Earl Ray, as the shooter, and that Mr. Ray was set up to take the blame.. Lee Harvey Oswald James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan . Jimmy Carter, in full James Earl Carter, Jr., (born October 1, 1924, Plains, Georgia, U.S.), 39th president of the United States (1977-81), who served as the country's chief executive during a time of serious problems at home and abroad. The facts tend to be the same, G. Robert Blakey, a law professor at Notre Dame University, told me on April 8, 1998 during an interview as I worked as a columnist for The Tennessean. McMillans false scenarios portray Ray as a rabid racist in prison. It was a clear case of arson, and five people from Marlborough were duly convicted of the crime. Wait Who? His prints were found all over the hotel room in Memphis where the shots that killed King were thought to have come from, and they covered the murder weapon -a Remington hunting rifle he purchased in Birmingham, AL. According to press accounts, Brown became combative and irate after Horne refused to discuss details of the case that were not on the schedule. Ray had seven siblings. Judge Brown's lawyer filed an appeal, but the appeal was refused. In order to hang onto your drugs, people had to know that you would kill them without hesitation. He volunteered for Wallaces campaign and was very disappointed when Wallace could not win the campaign. James Earl Ray could easily have placed complete faith in Stoner. It seems clear to me that there was a conspiracy to murder King, and that James Earl Ray was involved. Ray died on April 23, 1998 at the Columbia Nashville Memorial Hospital due to Hepatitis C at the age of 70. It contained a pair of binoculars, a newspaper with a story about King staying at the Lorraine Motel, and a .30-06 Remington Gamemaster that had fired one shot. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Jerry Ray was J.B. Stoner's campaign manager when Stoner ran for Governor of Georgia against Jimmy Carter. Ostensibly only a New York City attorney and businessman, Levison is, in fact, a shrewd, dedicated communist. An hour later, he was declared dead. [18][24][25], This article is about the person. Justice on Fire is OConnors detailed account of the terrible explosion that led to the firefighters deaths and the terrible injustice that followed. From the viewpoint of a man who served time with Ray in prison, then went on to become a journalist, and continued to follow the case, with some emphasis on Ray's mentality, how he escaped from prison, and why there is reason to believe white supremacists may have been behind King's murder. He escaped from the prison hiding in a truck that was transporting bread from the prison bakery. He told Jerry and me that he'd actually gotten into the box once, but the guard missed him and launched a search. In 1967, he returned to the United States (Los Angeles) from Mexico and took dancing classes in a bartending school. King is aware of the possibility of violence because one of his aides proclaimed recently to the press, Jail will be the safest place in Washington this spring.. Spouse/Ex-: Anna Sandhu Ray (m. 19781993), siblings: Carol Pepper, Franklin Ray, Jerry Ray, John Larry Ray, Marjorie Ray, Melba Ray, Suzan Ray, place of death: Nashville, Tennessee, United States, See the events in life of James Earl Ray in Chronological Order, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/25196041/james-earl-ray, http://yourblackworld.net/2012/06/23/james-earl-rays-map-used-get-out-prison-being-sold-history-teacher/, https://www.ebay.com/itm/JAMES-EARL-RAY-Mugshot-Glossy-8x10-Photo-Martin-Luther-King-Jr-Print-Poster-/202043577078, https://shannonyarbrough.com/tag/james-earl-ray/, http://www.debate.org/opinions/is-james-earl-ray-the-yankee-who-shot-mlk-burning-in-hell-now. King was one of the worst enemies my people ever had. Her reference to my people was to her race, since she was black. The date was November 9, 1963. As a reporter and columnist for this newspaper, I had the chance to interview the incarcerated Ray numerous times before his death on April 23, 1998. The introduction to the paper observed that since 1956, King had occupied a prominent role in the drive for equal rights for Negroes in the Untied States. It continued by noting, The course King chooses to follow at this critical time could have momentous impact on the future of race relations in the United States, and for that reason this paper has been prepared to give some insight into the nature of the man himself as well as the nature of his views, goals, objective, tactics, and the reason therefore., The papers summary of Kings planned Washington Spring project is contrary to the image of King painted by most historians as a man who employed only the most peaceful means. it from Birmingham, Ala., to Memphis, Tenn., where he rented a room at 422 1/2 South Main Street, and moments after the assassination, he dropped Benny taught me how to type. King's killing sent shock waves through American society at the time, and is still regarded as a landmark. The verdict in King vs. Jowers found a government conspiracy involving city, state, and federal agents complicit in the murder. Then, the (U.S.) House Assassinations Committee spent two years and $2.5 million investigating the case. And by the way, what is that, Magistrate, sir, with due respect. The prosecutors have enough efficient evidence in establishing guilt against James Earl Ray concerning the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. First, James Earl Ray was in close enough vicinity of the Lorraine Hotel to successfully fire a clear shot to kill Dr. King from only a block away. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman in a civil trial. I had met with him twice while in Memphis at Jims Grill, which was near the boarding house. It got so that the very sight of King would galvanize Ray. He guided King in deciding whether to accept or reject public appearances. Yes, the President is part of the political party. Among the first to rear his head in Ray's defense was J.B. Stoner, a lawyer who was also head of the National State's Rights Party (and who would later be charged with the bombing of a Birmingham church in which several children died). After the publication of the Playboy story, Ray fired Kershaw when he found that Playboy paid him $11,000 for facilitating the interview. Davis and I became friends; and because of Davis I was also close to Laster and Westberg. On the night of April 4, 1968 50 years ago now James Earl Ray killed the Rev. In the year 1968, Ray underwent through a facial reconstruction surgery to hide his identity in Los Angeles. Although Westberg liked Ray, he never brought him around us. six grooves with a right twist. They were not going to have me, or any other convict, expounding on the subject of Ray. Kershaw made Ray to take a polygraph test as part of an interview with Playboy. Levison has spent the major part of his life advancing communist interests. On the night of November 29, 1988, near the impoverished Marlborough neighborhood in south Kansas City, an explosion at a construction site killed six of the citys firefighters. Stoner had trouble getting into the case, however, because no mainstream lawyer wanted anything to do with him. Doesnt the controversy between Galileo and the Catholic Church prove this? Martin Luther King Jr.family that James Earl Ray did not kill this nations most prominent civil rights leader. In her autobiography, Coretta Scott King wrote how glad she was that both Dexter and young Martin Luther King, III, had a chance to go with their father on . However, immediately following King's killing, U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark announced that the killing was the work of a lone assassin. The FBI paper then named another communist whose name is very familiar to those who have read articles about Kings communist connections in The New American, its predecessor magazine, American Opinion, and the monthly bulletins of The John Birch Society, the parent organization of both publications. In the early 1990s, he started suggesting that the government might be behind the assassination. people lost faith in the political system. This doesnt mean that Ray couldnt have received assistance. Once, while pulling a robbery, the victims refused to give Ray the money, and he fell out of a window and damned near killed himself. In prison I knew men who would stab you to death over a carton of cigarettes, or for even a slight insult. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old convicted armed robber who had escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Mo., on April 23, 1967, pleaded guilty on March 10, 1969, in Shelby County (Tenn.) Criminal Court to the first degree murder of Dr. King. [8][9], Brown asserted that Weirichs "husband moved out and took the kids," and that "she needs to come out of the closet." He was a fervent supporter of George Wallace, the Alabama governor who notoriously gave the 1963 "Segregation Now, Segregation Forever," and he was passionate about emigrating to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) to be a part of the white minority in power there at the time. Benny and I studied programming together, and in 1966 we worked in the programming office together. Later in life his pleas for a trial were encouraged by some civil-rights leaders, notably the King family. Judge Horne began increasing the quantity of days Brown could be held in contempt after Brown continued disrupting the court. bullet and also revealed the absence of nitrites (the presence of In 1997, King told Ray personally that both he and his family believed him. the Democratic Party won the presidency. Warren writes from Texas and can be reached at wmass@thenewamerican.com. Why did James Earl Ray have cancer? Early Ray had a criminal history starting from the time he left the American Army. A confirmed racist and small-time criminal, James Earl Ray began plotting the assassination of revered civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in early 1968. In the year 1952, he served a two year prison sentence for the armed robbery of a cab driver. He even changed his family name to Raynes in order to avoid the law enforcement agencies. When ODells position as a member of the National Committee of the Communist Party was revealed in 1961, King supposedly fired him. Some in the community took offense to this assertion since the incident took place during Brown's Shelby County district attorney campaign and Brown brought his own lawyer with him during the 2014 incident, causing many to wonder if it was a ploy for publicity. In that atmosphere, escape became almost impossible. Laster made several more desperate attempts to escape, including one attempt to saw out of death row (during which a guard captain was blinded). Speech of Senator Robert C. Byrd, Senate Journal, Appendix Two, March 29, 1968. James Earl Ray. Guys told me he would hound you relentlessly if you owed him a quarter, but he wouldn't threaten you with violence. He believed that King was a serious threat to the dominance of white people in the USA and wanted to stop him through any means. Judge Horne did have the authority to hold him in contempt. Brown then said, "OK, OK, I'll tell you what. His first prison break happened in 1967, when he escaped the Missouri State Penitentiary on a bread truck before fleeing to Canada. He was right, but he would never be that man. The cells that I was associated with in Cleveland were continually being asked to raise funds for Martin Luther Kings activities. She also said, Mr. The incident was incredibly damaging to the cause of King and his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Joseph Blakeney Brown Jr. (born July 5, 1947), known as Judge Joe Brown, is a former American lawyer and television personality. [13], Brown is twice divorced and has two sons from his first marriage.[14]. McMillan is the primary source for the widespread belief that Ray was a major drug dealer in Jeff City; that he smuggled large sums of money out of prison; that he used that money to finance his travels after his escape. Who assassinated Robert F. Kennedy on June 5, 1968? He was found to be legally liable and a sum of $100 was accepted by Kings family in restitution. When the day came, Ray walked up to the bread box, got in, and asked a guy named Don to cover him. In the 1950s, Ray became notorious as a petty criminal, and by the end of the decade he was a failed pornographer who had served some jail time and successfully completed a prison escape. At that time, King was well aware of Levisons and ODells communist affiliations. In only two decades, the white population fell by over 300,000; DC became majority-black in the late 1950s.. He also founded his own white supremacist party. On June 11, 1977, while housed at the Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in Petros, TN, Ray and five other inmates escaped. Martin Luther King Jr. With the release of this FBI document, however, it seems that the FBI and the JBS were on the same page regarding King. Ray pleaded guilty to murder and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. One of the most intriguing aspects of the New Times article on James Earl Ray/Jerry Ray/J.B. King was fired. Brown was thrust into the national spotlight while presiding over James Earl Ray's last appeal of his conviction for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Brown was removed from the reopened investigation of King's murder due to alleged bias. and condition of the Q64 bullet. After Ray was arrested for the assassination of Martin Luther King, it was widely believed that those erroneous prints were proof that the King conspiracy began in Jefferson City, and that someone employed at the prison was involved. Findings on Martin Luther King, Jr. After the King shooting, one person living at the rooming house where the shot was fired described the assassin as heavy set with receding hair. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration In the hours and days after the Tucson shootings, the left wing media in America attempted to blame the Tea Party and right wing rhetoric for the deaths of six and the injuries of thirteen. [22] He was released from protective custody at the Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September 1, 2015. As noted, the committee concluded that James Earl Ray was the assassin of Dr. King. Now he is presumed to be guilty until he proves his innocence. The bureau wiretapped his phone and monitored his movements, taking advantage of times when he seemed particularly upset or depressed. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Some of the books written about the assassination describe him as a major drug dealer in Jefferson City, which is ludicrous. And, although the FBI later claimed to have interviewed every convict in Jefferson City who had served time with Ray, they never tried to interview me, or Davis, or Laster, or Westberg or anyone I knew. It endangers the premise of the place. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the Time magazine article with the author himself, Mr. George McMillan. With it came a letter threatening King with public exposure if he didnt kill himself, and claiming that the sender had evidence of other affairs. After several days, the prison officials concluded that Ray had actually escaped, and they put out an alarm. Corrections? Stoner campaigned for several political offices as a Southern Democrat in order to promote his white supremacist agenda. While he was still in Los Angeles, Ray had the desire to immigrate to Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) where a white minority regime declared independence from England in the year 1965. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.: The assassin: James Earl Ray, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Earl-Ray, James Earl Ray - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Stoner is one of the most investigated people in America. While on the lam in the 1950s, Ray lived in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico under the pseudonym Eric Stalvo Galt. While there, Eric Galt ordered video equipment through the mail to start up a business as a small-time pornographer. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. "Somebody's gotta get him," Ray would say, his face drawn with tension, his fists clenched. Ray, a white supporter of segregationist George Wallace, was a career criminal whod been convicted at least four separate times for robbing a cafe, a taxi, a post office and a grocery store. When Ray pled guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in prison, his role in the assassination was a matter of serious dispute. If this self-seeking rabble-rouser is allowed to go through with his plans here, Washington may well be treated to the same kind of violence, destruction, looting, and bloodshed.1. He was first convicted for a burglary in California in the year 1949. Brown claimed that the sentence was excessive, and that he should have only been fined; Dan Michael, the Shelby County Juvenile Court chief magistrate that found Brown in contempt, responded that "This is not Hollywood. There were those who joked about Ray, because of the nature of his attempted escapes. For example, if you worked in the laundry you could charge people to starch and iron their clothes. I watched my parents tough it out on a daily basis, and I saw that what really kept them going was making a difference to others. Don told me later he was stunned; but he knew if he hesitated too long, a guard would catch Ray. people lost faith in the political system. I've always had trouble accepting Ray as an assassin. There were half a dozen guys who rented magazines, and they hawked their wares by the yard shack (a small rock building where the guards stayed). With in Cleveland were continually being asked to raise funds for Martin King. Prison bakery state, and in 1966 We worked in the year,... About Ray, because no mainstream lawyer wanted anything to do with him twice while in Memphis at Jims,. Jerry began to call him Martin `` Lucifer '' King and Martin Luther Kings activities Ramsey Clark that. Has spent the major part of his attempted escapes he proves his innocence 13 ], this article about. 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